Lesson 2.1: Historical Method: Historical Sources; Historical Criticism

Question 1

T or F: The historian is many times removed from the events under investigation

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T or F: Historians rely on surviving records

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T or F: Historians do not have to verify sources, to date them, locate their place of origin and
identify their intended functions

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past

Answer 4

Historical Method

Question 5

An object from the past or testimony concerning the past on which historians depend in order to create their own depiction of that past.

Answer 5

Sources

Question 6

Are tangible remains of the past

Answer 6

Sources

Question 7

What are written sources?

Answer 7

1. Published materials
2. Manuscript

Question 8

Must have been produced by a contemporary of the event it narrates. Are also considered as testimony of an eye witness.

Answer 8

Primary source

Question 8

What are non-written sources?

Answer 8

1. Oral history
2. Artifact
3. Ruins
4. Fossils
5. Artworks
6. Video recordings
7. Audio recordings

Question 9

Is a document or physical
object which was written or created during the time under study.

Answer 9

Primary source

Question 9

These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.

Answer 9

Primary Sources

Question 10

Are characterized by their
content, regardless of whether they are available in original format, in microfilm/microfiche, in digital format, or in published format.

Answer 10

Primary sources

Question 11

Four main categories of primary sources

Answer 11

1. Written sources
2. Images
3. Artifacts
4. Oral testimony

Question 12

Interprets and analyzes
primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event.

Answer 12

Secondary sources

Question 13

May have pictures, quotes or
graphics of primary sources in them.

Answer 13

Secondary sources

Question 14

Verisimilitude

Answer 14

Truth, authenticity, plausibility

Question 15

Process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past.

Answer 15

Historical method

Question 15

Imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data
derived by that process.

Answer 15

Historiography

Question 16

Is also important element of historical method.

Answer 16

Historical analysis

Question 17

Are sourced from artifacts that have been left by the past. These artifacts can either be relics or remains, or the
testimonies of witnesses to the past.

Answer 17

Historical data

Question 18

T or F: Relics or “remains”- whose existence offer researchers a clue
about the past.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Whether oral or written, may have been created to serve as
records or they might have been created for some other purposes.

Answer 19

Testimonies of witnesses

Question 20

The becoming

Answer 20

Dynamic or genetic

Question 21

The being

Answer 21

Static

Question 22

Explaining why and how things happened and were interrelated

Answer 22

Interpretative

Question 23

Telling what happened, when and where, and who took part

Answer 23

Descriptive

Question 23

Kinds of written sources

Answer 23

1. Narrative or literary 2. Diplomatic or juridical 3. Social documents

Question 24

Non-written sources

Answer 24

Material evidence; oral evidence

Question 25

In order for a source to be used as evidence in history, basic matters about its form and content must be settled:

Answer 25

1. External criticism 2. Internal criticism

Question 26

Determines the historicity of facts contained in the document.

Answer 26

internal criticism

Question 26

The value of facts, the character of the sources, the knowledge of author, and the influences prevalent at the time of writing must be carefully investigated.

Answer 26

Internal criticism

Question 27

The problem of authenticity; To spot fabricated, forged, faked documents; To distinguish a hoax or misrepresentation

Answer 27

External criticism

Question 28

Determine the date of the document to see whether they are anachronistic

Answer 28

Test of authenticity

Question 29

A systematic evaluation of the primary source be it a text, painting, caricature, and /or speech that in the process students could develop and present an argument based on their own understanding of the evidences from their readings.

Answer 29

Content analysis

Question 29

Considers specifically the time, place and situation when the primary source was written.

Answer 29

Contextual analysis

Question 30

The analysis as well includes the author’s background, authority on the subject, and intent perceptible, and its relevance and meaning to people and society today.

Answer 30

Contextual analysis