lesson 3

Question 1

COSMOCENTRIC (focused on physics or the discovery of nautre) and LOGOCENTRIC (reason based)

Answer 1

ancient conception

Question 2

he changed the philoosphical landscape of doing philosophy and challenged sophists (e.g. protagoras, thrasymachus)

Answer 2

socrates

Question 3

Did not have an explicit discussion about his view on the human person. He put an emphasis on the Arete of the Psyche.

Answer 3

SOCRATES

Question 4

arete means?

Answer 4

excellence

Question 5

psyche means?

Answer 5

soul

Question 6

His philosophy primarily focuses on how the soul deals with excellence or how the soul can achieve excellence.

Answer 6

Socrates

Question 7

“the only thing i know, is that i know nothing”

this is an example of what

Answer 7

socratic irony

Question 8

he placed greater emphasis on the role of the mind (also understood as the soul of the person)

Answer 8

plato

Question 9

• Knowledge of the good
• Cultivation of the soul
• Says “the human person is a soul”
• his teacher was Socrates
• emphasized the importance of knowledge.

Answer 9

plato

Question 10

According to —–, the intellect must be continuously cultivated. Without knowledge one cannot live a moral life but what kind of knowledge should one have?

Answer 10

Plato

Question 11

according to plato’s philosophy this is: Imperfect
Changing
Known through senses
The physical world

Answer 11

world of matter

Question 12

according to plato’s philosophy this is: Perfect
Unchanging
beyond the human senses
Exists independently.
eternal ideas like justice, beauty, soul, etc.

Answer 12

world of forms

Question 13

3 parts of the human soul according to Plato

Answer 13

rational, spritiual, appetitive

Question 14

This is the one that guides our thinking toward the truth

Answer 14

Rational

Question 15

Heart of the soul

Answer 15

Spiritual

Question 16

Contains the leisures of one person, like our fulfillments and desires.

Answer 16

Appetitive

Question 17

• true knowledge can be known through experience
• student of Plato but departed from Plato’s ideas.
• dualism of the body and the soul does not exist.

Answer 17

aristotle

Question 18

the human person is the composite of substance and form that always exist together, aristotle called this —-.

Answer 18

hylomorphism

Question 19

— is what underlies and persists through change. ‘di nagbabago throughout your entire time in the world.

Answer 19

Substance - Aristotle’s theory of substance

Question 20

it is the underlying substance of an object

Answer 20

hyle (matter)

Question 21

it is the specific structure that gives an objects properties

Answer 21

morphe (form)

Question 22

who believed that Hyle is the soul and morphe is the body.

Answer 22

aristotle.

Question 23

own individuality, we are unique. This individuality makes us human.

Answer 23

individual substance -

Question 24

“Man by nature is a rational animal.” We are animals but what sets us apart from animals is our capacity to reason with intellect or to think and reflect.

Answer 24

rational nature -

Question 25

it is the principle that makes anything move.

Answer 25

The soul

Question 26

This is happiness. To achieve ------, one must live in accordance with virtue and reason.

Answer 26

eudaimonia

Question 27

- thinkers during this time tried to reconcile reason and faith/theology. - It was to make faith reasonable

Answer 27

MEDIEVAL CONCEPTION

Question 28

"The human person is a soul that temporarily inhibits the body” - the body is mortal, but the soul lives forever

Answer 28

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

Question 29

The body is a temporary vessel during our life. After life, souls go back to God after death. for -------, the soul's destiny is union with god.

Answer 29

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

Question 30

whose main principle is this: Humans are created in the image and likeness of god.

Answer 30

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

Question 31

it is the special connection with god.

Answer 31

divine origin

Question 32

human soul is the center of the imago dei

Answer 32

Moral and spiritual nature

Question 33

it is seeking union with god.

Answer 33

Teleological

Question 34

his philosophy is The ultimate purpose of life is to be with god. to hold the divine image within. we are in a journey towards god.

Answer 34

st augustine

Question 35

heavily influenced by Aristotle - He viewed the human as an individual substance of a rational nature and a composite of body and soul The soul provides the body its identity. The soul animates the body. it is the reason as to why we can move.

Answer 35

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

Question 36

In the ---- times, there ideas were based on theology or faith.

Answer 36

medieval

Question 37

In the ----- times, their views center on the mind or rationality.

Answer 37

modern

Question 38

- Father of modern philosophy. - He was searching for a kind of truth that is indubitable - There is one thing that cannot be doubted, which is the thinking self.

Answer 38

RENE DESCARTES

Question 39

The ---- is a version of you who is able to think and doubt

Answer 39

thinking self

Question 40

a specific kind of method to reach doubt. --- You doubt everything that can be doubted to achieve certainty. This is the way to philosophical enlightenment.

Answer 40

Methodic doubt

Question 41

“Cogito , ergo sum.” means?

Answer 41

I think therefore I am

Question 42

t or f Descartes is a rationalist.

Answer 42

true

Question 43

A ---- believes that knowledge comes from reason. This is in contrast to empiricism because you believe that knowledge comes from a sense of experience.

Answer 43

rationalist person

Question 44

THE HUMAN PERSON ACCORDING TO DESCARTES: Us humans our thinking selves distinct from the physical world This is the human person

Answer 44

Res cogitans - the thinking self

Question 45

THE HUMAN PERSON ACCORDING TO DESCARTES: The things that have first contact with the physical world. In this sense, descartes believes it is the body that is also known as our point of contact

Answer 45

Res extensa - extended self

Question 46

his philosophy revolves around Rational autonomy: Rationality and autonomy

Answer 46

IMMANUEL KANT

Question 47

: To make moral choices freely and independently.

Answer 47

Autonomy

Question 48

allows us to use our reason in making moral judgements and act according to principle.

Answer 48

Rationality

Question 49

being aware of moral responsibilities

Answer 49

Rational autonomy:

Question 50

- Not as famous but was a prominent thinker in existentialism. - His understanding of the human person is multifaceted. - Commonly, his ideas are established within the existence of the stage of life.

Answer 50

SOREN KIERKEGAARD