Lesson 3

Question 1

Is an opening in the earth’s
crust through which lava,
volcanic ash and gases escape

Answer 1

Volcano

Question 2

Anatomy of a Volcano : the point on the surface where magma leaves the volcano’s pipe

Answer 2

vent

Question 3

Sometimes magma forces its way out of a volcano through a

Answer 3

side vent

Question 4

a narrow, almost vertical crack in the crust through which magma rises to the surface

Answer 4

pipe

Question 5

extremely hot, molten material that also contains dissolved gases including water vapor

Answer 5

Magma

Question 6

magma that reaches the surface

Answer 6

lava

Question 7

river of lava that pours down a volcano and over the land

Answer 7

lava Flow

Question 8

as magma rises toward the surface, it forms a large underground pocket called

Answer 8

magma chamber

Question 9

a natural way that the earth and
other planets have a cooling off and release
internal heat and pressure

Answer 9

Volcanoes

Question 10

formed when magma from within
the earth’s upper mantle works its way to the
surface. Then at the surface, it erupts to form lava
flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano
continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.

Answer 10

Volcanoes

Question 11

a volcano that has had at least
one eruption during the past 10,000 years.

Answer 11

Active Volcano

Question 12

An active volcano might be

Answer 12

erupting or dormant

Question 13

is an active volcano that is not
erupting but it might erupt again.

Answer 13

Dormant Volcano

Question 14

there are intra-plate
volcanoes that are form from mantle called

Answer 14

hotspots

Question 15

a sudden and violent shaking
of the ground, causing great destruction
sometimes, as a result of movements within
the earth’s crust (tectonic) or volcanic action

Answer 15

Earthquake

Question 16

usually caused when rock
underground suddenly breaks along a fault.

Answer 16

earthquakes

Question 17

This sudden release of energy causes the __ that makes the ground shake.

Answer 17

seismic waves

Question 18

Anatomy of earthquake: Location of earth’s surface directly above the earthquake focus, which is the origin of the earthquake.

Answer 18

Epicentre

Question 19

travel close to the earth’s surface and make the ground undulate like ocean waves. Almost all earthquake’s destruction is due to these waves

Answer 19

Surface waves

Question 20

also called the hypocentre

Answer 20

Focus

Question 21

the point within the earth’s crust where rocks begin to slip and fracture along a fault. This releases energy causing an earthquake.

Answer 21

focus

Question 22

can travel through solid, liquid, or gas and are the fastest shock waves.

Answer 22

Primary waves

Question 23

they push rock particles back and forth - like a slinky spring in their travel direction

Answer 23

Primary waves

Question 24

this waves lag behind p waves and can only pass through solids.

Answer 24

Secondary Waves

Question 25

They move rock particles up and down or side to side at right angles to the direction of wave travel

Answer 25

Secondary Waves

Question 26

breaks in the earth's crust

Answer 26

fault line

Question 27

A fracture in the rocks that make up the earth's crust

Answer 27

Fault

Question 28

Point at the surface of the Earth directly above the focus

Answer 28

Epicenter

Question 29

the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts

Answer 29

Focus (Hypocenter)

Question 30

Massive rocks that make up the outer layer of the earth's surface , and whose movement along faults triggers earthquakes

Answer 30

Plates

Question 31

waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake

Answer 31

seismic waves

Question 32

point on the surface of the earth directly above the point in the crust where a seismic rupture occurs

Answer 32

epicenter

Question 33

central to the area of effect of an earthquake

Answer 33

epicenter

Question 34

mostly occur at the edges of the oceanic and continental plates.

Answer 34

Earthquakes

Question 35

populate areas that are near the coastline.

Answer 35

Earthquakes

Question 36

mostly populate areas that are a few kilometers away from coastlines.

Answer 36

Active Volcanoes

Question 37

a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny.

Answer 37

Mountain Belt

Question 38

formed by a variety of geological processes, but most of the significant ones on earth are the result of plate tectonics.

Answer 38

Mountain ranges

Question 39

formed where two lithospheric plates have converged and continue to converge.

Answer 39

Mountain / mountain ranges

Question 40

mark the boundaries of lithospheric plates.

Answer 40

Mountain Belts

Question 41

Are formed through plate convergence

Answer 41

Fold Mountains - Mt. Himalayas - Mt. Arayat - Mt. Banahaw - Mt. Apo

Question 42

This may be produced by a hotspot

Answer 42

Volcanic Mountain Ranges - Mt. Hibok Hibok - Mt. Bulusan

Question 43

Result from the upwarping of tectonic plates and are not accompanied by the collision of plate boundaries.

Answer 43

Dome Mountain ranges

Question 44

Formed because of soil erosion or weathering

Answer 44

Erosion - Formed Mountain Range - Appalachian Plateau

Question 45

caused by stresses in the earth's crust

Answer 45

Fault - Block Mountain Ranges - Sierra Nevada - Mt. Malindig in Marinduque

Question 46

It is known as the _ because of the loop of volcanoes that lies around the Pacific.

Answer 46

Ring of Fire

Question 47

The Ring of Fire is in the _

Answer 47

Pacific Ocean

Question 48

It is made up of a string of volcanoes, deep ocean trenches, and high mountain ranges. It is the site of earthquakes around the edges of the Pacific Ocean.

Answer 48

Ring of Fire

Question 49

Countries in the ring of fire:

Answer 49

Chile, Mexico, United States, Antarctica, Russia, Japan, Philippines, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Canada, Peru, Taiwan, Guatemala, Solomon Islands

Question 50

most dangerous volcano in the Ring of Fire

Answer 50

Mount Merapi

Question 51

It is located in Indonesia on the island of Java.

Answer 51

Mount Merapi

Question 52

the center of most seismic and volcano activity

Answer 52

Ring of Fire

Question 53

type of faults where the blocks slip each other

Answer 53

Fault Plane

Question 54

refers to the movement of faults along the angle of the fault plane

Answer 54

Dip slip

Question 55

the angle of movement is called _ while the movement is called _

Answer 55

dip - slip

Question 56

Dip slips are classified as

Answer 56

Normal fault or Reverse Fault

Question 57

A _ fault is a dip slip fault where a block that sits on a fault plane called the Hanging wall, slips downward with respect to the footwall along the dip angle

Answer 57

Normal fault

Question 58

_ fault is another type of dip slip fault where the block of earth's crust pushes upward and along the dip angle

Answer 58

Reverse Fault

Question 59

_ fault is a type of reverse fault where the angle of the dip is 45 degrees or less

Answer 59

Thrust fault

Question 60

In a _____, nearly vertical fault planes slide in a parallel but opposite directions.

Answer 60

Strike slip fault - San Andreas Fault in California

Question 61

___ fault is a combination of a strike slip fault and a dip slip

Answer 61

Oblique Slip fault

Question 62

blocks of earth's crust slide horizontally (strike slip), and obliquely up or down from each other (dip slip)

Answer 62

Oblique slip fault

Question 63

those greater than magnitude 7 and whose focus is less than 30 km produce a significant movement that generates large ocean waves called _

Answer 63

Tsunami

Question 64

the difference in the wave's arrival time is recorded by _

Answer 64

Seismographs

Question 65

who studies the genesis and propagation of seismic waves

Answer 65

Seismologist