LESSON 3 Flashcards
(56 cards)
1
Q
- The design of the characters and the way
they are presented on the page - The art and technique of arranging type
to make written language legible,
readable, and visually appealing when
displayed
A
TYPOGRAPHY
2
Q
(3200 BC - AD 400)
A
Egyptian Hieroglyphs
3
Q
(3000 BC)
A
Sumerian Cuneiform
4
Q
- The first printed book
- Written in Latin and was printed by
Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany in
the 1450s
A
Gutenberg Bible
4
Q
(800 BC) – Still
used today as technical symbols in
domains such as mathematics, science,
etc.
A
Greek Alphabet System
5
Q
German Engraver & Inventor of the
Mechanical Movable Type Printing Press
A
Johannes Gutenberg (1398 - 1468)
6
Q
His life’s work
has heavily influenced French publishing
to this day
A
Humanist and Engraver (Geoffroy Troy – Enlightenment & Abstraction
(1480 - 1533))
7
Q
- French painter and designer who believed
that the proportions of the alphabet
should reflect the ideal human form - He wrote, “the cross-stroke covers the
man’s organ of generation, to signify that
Modesty and Chastity are required, before
else, in those who seek acquaintance with
well-shaped letters”
A
(Geoffroy Troy – Enlightenment & Abstraction
(1480 - 1533))
8
Q
Early Typographers
A
Nicholas Jenson (1420 - 1480)
Aldus Manutius (1449 - 1515)
Claude Garamond (1490 - 1561)
Pierre Simon Fournier (1712 - 1768)
William Casion (1692 - 1766)
John Baskerville (1706 - 1775)
Giambattista Bodoni (1740 - 1813)
9
Q
- Typographer, French Engraver, Type
Designer - Responsible for the development of the
first full roman typeface, which was based
on humanistic characteristics and was
highly legible - Creator of the Roman typeface
A
Nicholas Jenson (1420 - 1480)
10
Q
- Humanist, Italian Printer & Publisher
- Introduced the small and handy pocket
editions of the classics - He commissioned Francesco Griffo to cut
a slanted type known today as italic - He and his grandson are credited with
introducing a standardized system of
punctuation
A
● Aldus Manutius (1449 - 1515)
11
Q
- French Publisher, Type Designer & Punch
Cutter - Credited with the introduction of the
apostrophe, the accent and the cedilla to
the French language - He was an assistant to Geoffroy Troy
- Several contemporary typefaces, including
those currently known as Garamond,
Granjon, and Sabon, reflect his influence
A
Claude Garamond (1490 - 1561)
12
Q
- French punchcutter, typefounder and
typographic theoretician - Fournier’s contributions to printing were
his creation of initials ornaments, his
design letters, and his standardization of
type sizes - He designed typefaces including Fournier
& Narcissus - He also developed a system of type
measurement, which was further
developed by Francois-Ambrois Didot into
the point based system that still exists
today
A
Pierre Simon Fournier (1712 - 1768)
13
Q
- English gunsmith and designer of
typefaces
A
William Casion (1692 - 1766)
14
Q
English businessman, in areas including
japanning and paper mache, but he is
best remembered as a printer and
typographer
A
John Baskerville (1706 - 1775)
15
Q
Italian typographer, type designer,
compositor, printer and publisher
A
Giambattista Bodoni (1740 - 1813)
16
Q
- Comes from the Greek words: “typos”
(form) & “graphe” (writing) - The art and technique of arranging type in
order to make language visible
A
Typography
17
Q
- A family of typographical symbols and
characters - The basic design of a character
- Each ____ has a design for each letter
of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation
symbols and may contain other symbols - Ex: Helvetica, Bodoni, Verdana, Myriad,
Arial, etc.
A
typeface
18
Q
The 3 Goals of Typography
A
● Readability
● To transfer information to the reader in an
efficient manner
● Use “type” to provide a sense of order and
structure that makes logical and visual
sense
19
Q
- Traditionally defined as a complete
character set within a typeface, often of a
particular size or style - Before desktop publishing, people called
‘typesetters’ set the type by hand using
moveable type - Each character was a separate block of
metal - The letters were “set” on the layout to
form the text - Each typeface had a complete set of metal
characters for each size, weight, etc. - Ex: Myriad Pro Semibold Italic 24 pts,
Futura BdCn BT 18 pts etc. are Fonts
A
Font
20
Q
Typeface Categories
A
Serif
Sans Serif
Slab Serif
Script
Display
Monospaced
Handwriting
21
Q
Have small lines or strokes attached to the
ends of the letters called serifs
- They are often seen as traditional, formal,
and readable for long texts in print
A
Serif
22
Q
Have no small strokes or “serifs” at the
ends of letters, resulting in a cleaner,
modern look
A
Sans Serif
22
Q
serif example
A
Times New Roman, Georgia, Garamond,
Bodoni, Courier, Goudy
22
sans serif example
Arial, Helvetica, Verdana, Futura, Gill
Sans, Berlin Sans
23
is a French word, which means
‘without’
‘Sans’
24
- A subcategory of serif fonts with thick,
block-like serifs
- They create a strong, bold impression,
often used for impactful headlines or
advertisements
Slab Serif
25
Slab Serif example
Rockwell, Courier, Clarendon
26
- Appear to have been written by hand with
a calligraphy pen or brush
- Mimic cursive or handwriting styles
- They can range from highly elegant and
formal to casual and playful
Script
27
Script example
Brush Script, Lobster, Zapfino, French
Script
28
- Are designed for use at large sizes,
making them ideal for headlines and
advertising
- They are often decorative or stylized and
not suited for body text
Display
29
Display example
: Impact, Copper Black, Playbill
30
- Letters that occupy the same width
- This type of font is often associated with
typewriters or coding because of its
uniform spacing
Monospaced
31
Monospaced example
Courier, Consolas, Monaco
32
- Resemble informal, handwritten notes
- They can be playful, casual, or artistic
Handwriting
33
Handwriting example
Comic Sans, Pacifico, Caveat
33
Refers to the slant, weight and special
effects applied to the text
● Bold
● Italic
● Underline
● Shadow
● Outline
● Small Caps
Font Style
34
- Designed strictly to catch the eye
○ Should be used sparingly
○ Can be hard to read
- Ex: Chiller, Webdings, Broadway,
Engravers MT
- Used for decoration
Decorative/Ornamental Typefaces
35
The space a character takes up is dependent on the natural width of that character
proportional typefaces
36
each character takes up the same amount of space
monospace typefaces
37
Typeface Spacing
*Monospace
*Proportional
*Leading
*Kerning
*Tracking
37
* Each letter takes up the same amount of
space regardless of the letter size.
* Advantages
* Easier to see thin punctuation marks.
* Similar characters look more different.
* If limited to a certain number of characters per
line, each line will look alike.
* Used often in computer programming and
biology
Monospaced Typefaces
38
* The vertical spacing between lines of text.
* Pronounced “led-ding.”
* In most software programs, it is referred to as line
spacing.
* In Desktop Publishing, it is still referred to as leading
because typesetters used long pieces of lead between
the moveable type to create blank lines between the
text.
Leading
39
* The amount of space each character takes up is
adjusted to the width of that character.
* Therefore, an i is not as wide as an m and
receives less space.
* Advantages
* Does not take up as much space as monospaced
typefaces.
* Easier to read.
* Used in most documents and publications.
Proportional Typefaces
40
* Horizontal spacing between pairs of letters
* Used to add or subtract space between pairs
of letters to create a more visually appealing
and readable text.
* BOOK – before kerning.
K e r n i n g
40
* Horizontal spacing between all of
characters in a large block of text.
* Makes a block of text seem more open
or more dense.
* Makes a block of text more open and airy or
more dense.
* Used to expand or contract a block of text
for the purpose of aligning two columns.
Tracking
41
two types of tracking
tight and loose tracking
42
- Determines how bold the typeface looks,
how heavy the strokes making up the
characters are
- The traditional weights are Light, Regular,
Semibold, Bold, Black
Weight
43
- Determines how wide the characters are
- The traditional widths are Extended,
Condensed, Extra Condensed or
Compressed
Width
44
two component of letter spacing
tracking and kerning
44
- The combination of properties including
typeface, width, and weight defines “__”
of a font
- Helvetica Cnd Obl-Light 24 pts is a
particular style that belongs to the
Helvetica typeface
style
45
defines the amount of space between the characters in a word uniformly regardless of the characters
tracking
46
adjust the space based on character pairs.
kerning
47
vertical space between lines of text
leading(Line spacing)
48
- Two or more letters combined into one
character make a ___
- When parts of the anatomy of characters
either clash or look to close together, they
can be combined
● Ligatures
49
- Refer to all the available characters in a
font, from letters to numbers and all the
special characters
Glyphs
