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[OT 104] Exam 1 > Lesson 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 3 Flashcards

Thalamus and Hypothalamus (Diencephalon)

1
Q
  • SHET + third ventricle
  • almost completely hidden from the surface of the brain
  • midline strcture with symmetrical right and left halves
A

Diencephalon

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2
Q

Roof of the 3rd Ventricle

A

Superior Border of the Diencephalon

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3
Q

Mnemonics: MOITH
Mammilary Bodies
Optic Chiasm
Infundibulum
Tuber Cinerium
Hypothalamus

A

Inferior Border of the Diencephalon

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4
Q

Mnemonic: L-IC 👅
Internal Capsule

A

Lateral Border of the Diencephalon

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5
Q

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Stria Medullaris Thalami

A

Medial Surface of the Diencephalon

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6
Q
  • Small groove on the lateral wall of the slim 3rd ventricle
  • separates the: thalamus and epithalamus (dorsally) and hypothalamus and subthalamus (inferiorly)
A

Hypothalamic Sulcus

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7
Q
  • large mass of gray matter on either side of the third ventricle
  • connected by inter thalamic adhesion
    (aka masa intermedia/commissure)
  • complex and highly organized
  • connected to cerebral cortex for information is processed and integrated
A

Thalamus

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8
Q
  • “Great relay station” (for ascending tracts; all sensory and motor; EXCEPT FOR OLFACTORY)
  • detect and appreciate crude sensations
  • w/ several nuclei (projects to the I/L side of the cerebral cortex)
A

Functions of Thalamus

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9
Q
  • covers upper surface of the thalamus
  • from lateral surface of the thalamus to cerebral cortex
A

Stratum Zonale (AKA Thalamic Radiations)

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10
Q
  • bifurcates ventrally and divides the thalamus (gray matter) into three parts:
    L,A,M
A

Internal Medullary Lamina

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11
Q
  • close to the internal capsule
  • layer of myelinated fibers on the lateral surface of the thalamus
A

External Medullary Lamina

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12
Q
  • Counterpart: Limbic system
  • receive information from the limbic system
A

Anterior Thalamaic Nucleus

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13
Q

Function of Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

A

Episodic Memory and Emotions

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14
Q

Afferent Fibers of Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

A

Cingulate Gyrus
Hypothalamus
Mammillary Bodies

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15
Q

Efferent Fibers of Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

A

Cingulate Gyrus
Hypothalamus

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16
Q
  • Counterpart: Limbic System and Area 9, 10, 11, 12
  • Receive and integrate information from the limbic system
A

Dorsomedial Thalamic Nucleus

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17
Q

Afferent Fibers of Dorsomedial Thalamic Nucleus

A

Olfactory Areas
Amydala
Cingulate Gyrus
Area 9, 10, 11, 12

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18
Q

Efferent Fibers of Dorsomedial Thalamic Nucleus

A

Cingulate Gyrus
Area 9, 10, 11, 12

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19
Q

Functions of of Dorsomedial Thalamic Nucleus

A

Prefrontal: memory association
Limbic: Integrates sensory, motor, visceral, and olfactory information and relates it to emotional state

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20
Q

4 Major Divisions of Lateral Thalamic Nucleus

A

Ventral Anterior
Ventral Posterior
Dorsal and Lateral Dorsal Thalamic Nucleus
Medial and Lateral Geniculate Body

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21
Q

Ventral Anterior (Lateral Thalamic Nucleus)

A

Motor relay nuclei

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22
Q

Ventral Anterior Counterpart and Efferent Fiber of Ventral Anterior

A

Area 6 and 8

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23
Q

Afferent Fibers of Ventral Anterior

A

Area 6, Basal Ganglia, Reticular Formation, Other Thalamic Nucleus

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24
Q

Afferent Fibers of Ventral Lateral

A

Cerebellum, Red Nucleus, Ventral Anterior Fibers

25
Ventral Lateral Counterpart and Efferent Fibers of Ventral Lateral
Area 4
26
Ventral Posterior
Sensory nuclei
27
Ventral Posteromedial Counterpart and Efferent Fibers
M: Mukha Area 3,1,2
28
Afferent Fibers of Ventral Posteromedial
Trigeminal Lemniscus and Gustatory Area
29
Ventral Posterolateral Counterpart and Efferent Fibers
Area 3,1,2
30
Afferent Fibers of Ventral Posterolateral
Medial Lemniscus, Spinal Lemniscus
31
Dorsal/Lateral Dorsal Thalamic Nucleus Subdivisions
- Lateral Dorsal - Lateral Posterior - Pulvinar
32
Dorsal/Lateral Thalamic Nucleus Counterpart
Multimodal: Association areas (connections with parietal and part of occipital lobes)
33
Afferent Fibers of Dorsal/Lateral Thalamic Nucleus
Cerebral Cortex and Other Thalamic Nuclei
34
Efferent Fibers of Dorsal/Lateral Thalamic Nucleus
Association Areas
35
Medial Geniculate Body Counterpart
M: Marinig Area 42: Association Auditory Area Area 22: Superior Temporal Gyrus
36
Lateral Geniculate Body Counterpart
L: Labo Area 17: Primary Visual Area Area 18, 19: Secondary Visual Area
37
Afferent Fibers of Medial Geniculate Body
Lateral Lemniscus, Inferior Colliculus
38
Efferent Fibers of Medial Geniculate Body
Superior temporal gyrus
39
Afferent Fibers of Lateral Geniculate Body
Optic Tract
40
Efferent Fibers of Lateral Geniculate Body
Visual Cortex
41
- involved in activation of cortext from brain stem - involved in: (Mnemonics: RF SI C) Reticular formation, sensorimotor integration, consciousness
Intralaminar nuclei
42
Participates in sensorimotor coordination, cognition (e.g. attention, arousal), and pain processing
Centromedian nuclei
43
Subserve autonomic, motor, sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and mood-related functions
Reticular nucleus
44
Nucleus: ● Lateral Geniculate ● Medial Geniculate ● Ventral Posterolateral ● Ventral Posteromedial Functions: Involved in relaying and modifying sensory signals from the body, face, retina, cochlea, and taste receptors
Sensory
45
Ventral Anterior Ventral Lateral Convey motor information from the cerebellum and globus pallidus to the precentral motor cortex
Motor
46
Anterior Dorsomedial Dorsomedial nucleus receives input from the olfactory cortex and amygdala regions and projects reciprocally to the prefrontal cortex and the hypothalamus
Limbic
47
Reticular Centrum Medianum Intralaminar Has demonstrated interaction with cortical motor areas, the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the cerebellum
Intralaminar
48
● Immediate C/L hemianesthesia = altered sensation/half doesn’t have sensation ● Abnormal nociception (pain reception) ○ Burning, stabbing, throbbing, or tingling pain ○ Hyperalgesia ■ Enhanced sensitivity to pain ○ Allodynia ■ Pain or non-painful stimuli ■ Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain (e.g. brush of a feather) ○ Hyperesthesia ■ Increased sensitivity to stimuli of different kinds ● Abnormal thermal sensation ○ Discomfort with the temperature system
Thalamic Pain Syndrome (aka Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome / Central Post-Stroke Pain Syndrome)
49
Responsible for regulating endocrine, metabolic, autonomic, and emotional functions It serves as the center of the limbic system Important for maintaining homeostasis
Hypothalamus
50
Anterior: Preoptic area Lateral: Internal capsule Caudal: Merges with the midbrain
Hypothalamus Anatomical Boundaries
51
where the optic nerves cross
Optic chiasm
52
involved in hormonal regulation
Tuber cinereum and Infundibulum
53
important for memory processing
Mammillary bodies
54
contains small blood vessels supplying the brain
Posterior perforated substance
55
allowing it to regulate physiological and emotional responses effectively ● Visceral and somatic structures ● Retina ● Olfactory mucous membrane ● Inner ear ● Frontal lobe of Cerebral Cortex ● Hippocampus ● Amygdaloid complex ● Tegmentum ● Dorsomedial and midline nuclei
Afferent Fibers of Hypothalamus
56
maintain homeostasis and regulate bodily functions ● Preoptic nuclei ● Anterior nuclei ● Posterior nuclei ● Lateral nuclei ● Mammillary body ● Hypothalamic nuclei
Efferent fibers of hypothalamus
57
The hypothalamus is composed of small nerve cells arranged into distinct nuclei, which regulate different physiological functions.
Hypothalamic Nuclei
58
receives afferent bers from the retina (intensity of light) and thus influence activities of the hypothalamic nuclei
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (“intrinsic clock”)

[OT 104] Exam 1 (4 decks)

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