Lesson 3

Question 1

What is the process of bone hardening called?

Answer 1

Calcification

Question 2

What is calcification?

Answer 2

Bone hardening

Question 3

What is the difference between calcification and ossification?

Answer 3

Calcification is the process of bone hardening
and is a part of ossification

Ossification is the process of bone development

Question 4

What is ossification?

Answer 4

The process of bone development

Question 5

What is the process of bone development called?

Answer 5

Ossification

Question 6

When does bone start to develop?

Answer 6

Around the 6th week of embryonic development

Question 7

What is formed around the 6th week of embryonic development?

Answer 7

A mesenchymal skeleton

Question 8

What is a mesenchymal skeleton?

Answer 8

Embryonic connective tissue

Question 9

What are the 2 types of ossification?

Answer 9

Intramembranous
Endochondral

Question 10

What is the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Answer 10

Intramembranous ossification: mesenchymal skeleton becomes bone

Endochondral ossification: mesenchymal skeleton becomes hyaline cartilage which becomes bone

Question 11

Which type of ossification involves the mesenchymal skeleton developing into hyaline cartilage then bone?

Answer 11

Endochondral

Question 12

Which type of ossification involves the mesenchymal skeleton directly developing into bone?

Answer 12

Intramembranous

Question 13

The skull’s flat bones, most facial bones, the mandible, and the clavicle’s medial part form through ___ ossification

Answer 13

Intramembranous

Question 14

What bones form through intramembranous ossification?

Answer 14

The skull’s flat bones, most facial bones, the mandible, and the clavicle’s medial part

Question 15

What is the process of intramembranous ossification?

Answer 15

1) Mesenchymal stem cells cluster and change into osteogenic cells which change into osteoblasts all with the help of a blood supply

2) Calcification by which osteoblasts secrete ECM and osteocytes form

3) Spongy bone develops and in utero and juvenile these bones are populated by the red bone marrow

4) Periosteum develops

Question 16

In intramembranous ossification, what cells do mesenchymal stem cells cluster and change into?

Answer 16

Osteogenic cells

Question 17

In intramembranous ossification, what bone marrow are spongy bones in utero and juvenile populated by?

Answer 17

Red bone marrow

Question 18

In endochondral ossification, what cartilage does the mesenchymal skeleton develop into?

Answer 18

Hyaline

Question 19

What type of ossification do most bones of the body form through?

Answer 19

Endochondral

Question 20

Most of the bones in the body including long bones, various regions of the thorax, and some parts of the skull form through ___ ossification

Answer 20

Endochondral

Question 21

What is the process of endochondral ossification?

Answer 21

1) Chondroblasts secrete cartilage

2) A bony collar surrounding the cartilage keeps the cartilage upright allowing it to grow in length and width and blood vessels move into the middle of it through the nutrient foramina forming the primary ossification center

3) The primary ossification center develops into the medullary cavity from osteoblasts secreting osteous tissue and osteoclasts breaking down the cartilage and bones formed previously from the POC

4) At the time of birth, epiphyseal vasculature moves towards bone extremities forming the secondary ossification center at both ends of the bone

5) Articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate/metaphyseal region form

Question 22

What do chondroblasts do?

Answer 22

Secrete cartilage

Question 22

What cells secrete cartilage?

Answer 22

Chondroblasts

Question 23

In endochondral ossification, what is the perichondrium replaced by?

Answer 23

The periosteum

Question 24

In endochondral ossification, what does the periosteum come from?

Answer 24

The perichondrium

Question 25

In endochondral ossification, what does the bony collar come from?

Answer 25

Intramembranous ossification

Question 26

In endochondral ossification, what does the bony collar do?

Answer 26

It surrounds hyaline cartilage keeping it upright allowing it to grow in length and width

Question 27

When bones grow in length what is it called?

Answer 27

Interstitial growth

Question 28

When bones grow in width what is it called?

Answer 28

Appositional growth

Question 29

In endochondral ossification, how is the primary ossification center made?

Answer 29

Chondroblasts secrete cartilage--> a bony collar surrounds it allowing it to grow --> blood vessels move into the middle of it through the nutrient foramina--> POC

Question 30

In endochondral ossification, how do blood vessels move into the middle of the hyaline cartilage to form the primary ossification center?

Answer 30

Through the nutrient foramina

Question 31

In endochondral ossification, what does the primary ossification center develop into?

Answer 31

The medullary cavity

Question 32

In endochondral ossification, how does the medullary cavity form from the primary ossification center?

Answer 32

From osteoblasts secreting osteous tissue and osteoclasts breaking down the hyaline cartilage

Question 33

In endochondral ossification, what does the secondary ossification center develop into?

Answer 33

Articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate/metaphyseal region

Question 34

In endochondral ossification, how is the secondary ossification center made?

Answer 34

Chondroblasts secrete cartilage--> a bony collar surrounds it allowing it to grow --> blood vessels move into the middle of it through the nutrient foramina--> POC--> osteoblasts and osteoclasts make the medullary cavity--> epiphyseal vasculature moves toward bone extremities--> SOC

Question 35

In endochondral ossification, when does epiphyseal vasculature move towards bone extremities?

Answer 35

At the time of birth

Question 36

In endochondral ossification, where does the secondary ossification center formed?

Answer 36

At both ends of the bone/ephiphyses

Question 37

In endochondral ossification, where does the primary ossification center formed?

Answer 37

In the middle of the bone/diaphyses

Question 38

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