Lesson 3 Flashcards
What is vertical transmission of HIV?
Vertical transmission of HIV refers to the transmission of the virus from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
True or False: The risk of vertical transmission of HIV is higher during breastfeeding.
True
What is the primary risk factor for vertical transmission of HIV during labor?
The primary risk factor is the presence of HIV in the mother’s blood and genital secretions during delivery.
Fill in the blank: The likelihood of vertical transmission of HIV increases if the mother has a high _____ viral load.
plasma
Which antiretroviral therapy can reduce the risk of vertical transmission during pregnancy?
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
What is the percentage risk of vertical transmission of HIV in the absence of any intervention?
Approximately 25-30%
True or False: Cesarean delivery is recommended for all HIV-positive mothers.
False
What maternal health condition significantly increases the risk of vertical transmission of HIV?
Maternal immunosuppression or advanced HIV disease
Which mode of delivery is associated with a lower risk of HIV transmission?
Cesarean delivery
True or False: Use of formula feeding eliminates the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding.
True
What is the role of antiretroviral drugs in reducing vertical transmission of HIV?
Antiretroviral drugs significantly lower the viral load in the mother, reducing the risk of transmission to the infant.
Fill in the blank: The risk of vertical transmission is highest during _____ if the mother is not on treatment.
labor and delivery
What is the significance of a low maternal CD4 count in relation to vertical transmission of HIV?
A low maternal CD4 count indicates a weakened immune system, increasing the risk of vertical transmission.
True or False: Maternal co-infections can influence the risk of vertical transmission of HIV.
True
What is the impact of maternal education on the risk of vertical transmission of HIV?
Higher maternal education levels are associated with better health practices and lower risk of vertical transmission.
Which infants are at higher risk for vertical transmission of HIV?
Infants born to mothers with untreated HIV.
What is the recommended duration for antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy?
Throughout pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
Fill in the blank: Mothers with a _____ HIV status should be counseled on the risks of vertical transmission.
known positive
What is the effect of prolonged rupture of membranes on vertical transmission risk?
Prolonged rupture of membranes increases the risk of vertical transmission of HIV.
True or False: The type of delivery has no impact on the risk of vertical transmission of HIV.
False
What is the role of HIV testing in pregnant women regarding vertical transmission?
HIV testing helps identify HIV-positive women who can benefit from interventions to reduce vertical transmission.
What is the importance of postnatal care in infants born to HIV-positive mothers?
Postnatal care is crucial for monitoring the infant for HIV infection and providing necessary interventions.
Fill in the blank: Early _____ of HIV in infants can lead to timely treatment and improved outcomes.
diagnosis
What are the potential long-term effects on infants who acquire HIV through vertical transmission?
Potential long-term effects include chronic health issues and developmental delays.
