Lesson 3

Question 1

automated tools used to design
databases and application programs

Answer 1

Data modeling and design tools

Question 2

centralized storehouse
of metadata

Answer 2

Repository

Question 3

software for managing the
database

Answer 3

Database Management System
(DBMS)

Question 4

storehouse of the data

Answer 4

Database

Question 5

software using the data

Answer 5

Application Programs

Question 6

text, graphical displays, menus, etc. for user

Answer 6

User Interface

Question 7

personnel responsible for maintaining the database

Answer 7

Data/Database Administrators

Question 8

personnel responsible for designing databases and software

Answer 8

System Developers

Question 9

people who use the applications and databases

Answer 9

End Users

Question 10

• First step in the database development process
• Specifies scope and general content
• Overall picture of organizational data
  at high level of abstraction:
  a. Entity - relationship diagram
  (ERD)
  b. Descriptions of entity types
  c. Relationships between entities
  d. Business rules

Answer 10

Enterprise Data Model

Question 11

Approaches to Database and IS
Development

Answer 11

• SDLC
• Prototyping

Question 12

● Detailed, well-planned development
process
● Time-consuming, but comprehensive
● Long development cycle

Answer 12

SDLC (System Development Life Cycle)

Question 13

● Rapid application development
(RAD)
● Cursory attempt at conceptual data
modeling
● Define database during development
of initial prototype
● Repeat implementation and
maintenance activities with new
prototype versions

Answer 13

Prototyping

Question 14

• Waterfall approach
• The output from one phase to the
  next

Answer 14

System Development Life Cycle

Question 15

● Purpose: Preliminary understanding
● Deliverable: Request for study
● Database Activity: Enterprise
modeling and early conceptual data
modeling

Answer 15

Planning

Question 16

● Purpose: Thorough requirements
analysis and structuring
● Deliverable: Functional system
specifications
● Database Activity: Thorough and
integrated conceptual data modelling

Answer 16

Analysis

Question 17

● Purpose: Information requirements
elicitation
● Deliverable: Detailed design
specifications
● Database Activity: Logical
database design (Transactions,
Forms, display, views, data integrity
and security)

Answer 17

Logical Design

Question 18

● Purpose: Develop technology and
organizational specifications
● Deliverable: Program/data
structures, technology purchases,
organization redesigns
● Database Activity: Physical
database design (Define database to
DBMS, physical data organization,
database processing programs)

Answer 18

Physical Design

Question 19

● Purpose: Programming, testing,
training, installation, documentation
● Deliverable: Operational programs,
documentation, training materials
● Database Activity: Database
implementation (Coded programs,
documentation, installation and
conversion)

Answer 19

Implementation

Question 20

● Purpose: Monitor, repair, enhance
● Deliverable: Periodic audits
● Database Activity: Database
maintenance, performance analysis
and tuning, error corrections

Answer 20

Maintenance

Question 21

● A classical Rapid Application
Development (RAD) approach.
● One of the most popular RAD
methods is prototyping, which is an
● iterative process of systems
development in which requirements
are converted to a working system
that is continually revised through
close work between analysts and
users.

Answer 21

Prototyping Database Methodology

Question 22

Conceptual Data Modelling
● Analyze requirements
● Develop preliminary data model

Answer 22

Identify problem

Question 23

Logical Database Design
● Analyze requirements in detail
● Integrate database views into
conceptual data model

Answer 23

Develop initial prototype

Question 24

● Define new database contents to
DBMS
● Decide on physical organization for
new data
● Design database processing
programs

Answer 24

Physical Database Design and Definition

Question 25

● Code database processing ● Install new database contents, usually from existing data sources 3. Revise and enhance prototype 4. Implement and use prototype

Answer 25

Database Implementation

Question 26

● Analyze database to ensure it meets application needs ● Fix errors in database

Answer 26

Database Maintenance

Question 27

Database Maintenance ● Tune database for improved performance ● Fix errors in database

Answer 27

Convert to operational system

Question 28

Different people have different views of the database

Answer 28

external schema

Question 29

view of the data architect and data administrator

Answer 29

conceptual schema

Question 30

underlying design and implementation

Answer 30

internal schema

Question 31

● Can be determined from business-function/data entity matrices ● Enterprise model + User Views ● During the Analysis and Logical Design phases

Answer 31

External Schema

Question 32

● E-R models ● A single, coherent definition of enterprise's data ● The view of data architect or data admin ● During the Analysis phase

Answer 32

Conceptual Schema

Question 33

● Logical structures ● Physical structures

Answer 33

Internal Schema

Question 34

a planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end.

Answer 34

Project

Question 35

Managing Projects: People Involved

Answer 35

● Business analysts ● Systems analysts ● Database analysts and data modelers ● Users ● Programmers ● Database architects ● Data administrators ● Project managers ● Other technical experts

Question 36

● Personal databases ● Two-tier and N-tier Client/Server databases ● Enterprise applications ○ Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems ○ Data warehousing implementations

Answer 36

Range of Database Applications