LESSON 3

Question 1

What is the process by which cells divide to produce two daughter cells?

Answer 1

Cell division

Question 2

True or False: Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the two main types of cell division?

Answer 3

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The phase of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated is called _____ phase.

Answer 4

S

Question 5

What is Mendelian genetics primarily concerned with?

Answer 5

The inheritance of traits through genes

Question 6

True or False: Alleles are different forms of a gene.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?

Answer 7

3:1

Question 8

What is the law of segregation?

Answer 8

The principle that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other.

Question 9

What does the term ‘dominant allele’ mean?

Answer 9

An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.

Question 10

What is a phenotype?

Answer 10

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: In a dihybrid cross, the expected phenotypic ratio is _____ for the dominant traits.

Answer 11

9:3:3:1

Question 12

What is the circle of life?

Answer 12

The natural order of life, encompassing the processes of birth, growth, reproduction, and death.

Question 13

True or False: The circle of life is a concept that applies only to animals.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What is the role of producers in the circle of life?

Answer 14

They convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.

Question 15

What is the primary function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Answer 15

Growth and repair of tissues

Question 16

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 16

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is known as its _____.

Answer 17

genotype

Question 18

What is an example of a trait that follows Mendelian inheritance?

Answer 18

Flower color in pea plants

Question 19

True or False: A recessive allele can only express its trait when paired with another recessive allele.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What does the term ‘homozygous’ refer to?

Answer 20

An organism with two identical alleles for a specific trait.

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

Answer 21

To produce gametes for sexual reproduction.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: In the cell cycle, the phase where the cell prepares for division is called _____.

Answer 22

G2

Question 23

What is a Punnett square used for?

Answer 23

To predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from genetic crosses.

Question 24

What is the primary energy source for producers in the circle of life?

Answer 24

Sunlight

Question 25

True or False: All living organisms are part of the circle of life.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is meant by 'genetic variation'?

Answer 26

Differences in alleles among individuals in a population.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells is called _____.

Answer 27

mitosis

Question 28

What is the result of crossing two heterozygous individuals (Tt x Tt) for a trait?

Answer 28

1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt

Question 29

What is the role of decomposers in the circle of life?

Answer 29

They break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Question 30

True or False: The law of independent assortment states that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is the function of the spindle fibers during cell division?

Answer 31

To separate the chromosomes and pull them to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The phase of meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate is called _____.

Answer 32

Anaphase I

Question 33

What is a carrier in genetics?

Answer 33

An individual who has one recessive allele for a trait but does not express it.

Question 34

What is the significance of genetic diversity in a population?

Answer 34

It enhances survival and adaptability to changing environments.

Question 35

What is the end product of meiosis?

Answer 35

Four haploid gametes

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the basic unit of life.

Answer 36

cell

Question 37

What is the importance of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

Answer 37

It is the phase where the cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.

Question 38

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 38

Pairs of chromosomes that have the same structure and carry genes for the same traits.

Question 39

True or False: The phenotype is influenced only by the genotype.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

What is the role of the zygote in reproduction?

Answer 40

It is the fertilized egg that develops into a new organism.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The process of producing identical cells is called _____.

Answer 41

cloning

Question 42

What is the significance of the S phase in the cell cycle?

Answer 42

It is when DNA is replicated in preparation for cell division.

Question 43

What is the expected genotype ratio from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous parents?

Answer 43

1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

Question 44

True or False: Mitosis includes two rounds of division.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

What is the role of the centromere during cell division?

Answer 45

It holds the sister chromatids together until they are separated.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The _____ cycle describes the flow of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem.

Answer 46

nutrient

Question 47

What is the role of environmental factors in gene expression?

Answer 47

They can influence how genes are expressed, leading to variations in phenotype.

Question 48

What does it mean if an organism is heterozygous for a trait?

Answer 48

It has two different alleles for that trait.

Question 49

Fill in the blank: The _____ generation is the first generation in a genetic cross.

Answer 49

P (parental)

Question 50

True or False: The circle of life is a linear process.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

What is the main purpose of genetic testing?

Answer 51

To identify genetic disorders or predispositions to certain diseases.

Question 52

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 52

The process that divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells.

Question 53

Fill in the blank: In Mendelian genetics, traits are determined by _____.

Answer 53

genes

Question 54

What is the role of natural selection in the circle of life?

Answer 54

It determines which individuals survive and reproduce based on their advantageous traits.

Question 55

True or False: All traits are influenced solely by genetics.

Answer 55

False

Question 56

What is a test cross?

Answer 56

A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual to determine the genotype.