Lesson 3 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Business client
An OS designed to work as a client in centrally managed business domain networks
Network Operating System (NOS)
An OS designed to run servers in business networks
Home client
An OS designed to work as a standalone machine or in a workgroup network in a home or small office
Cell phone (smartphone)/Tablet
An OS designed to work with a handheld portable device. This type of OS must have a touch-operated interface
UNIX
Unlike Windows and macOS, UNIX is portable to a huge range of different hardware platforms; versions of UNIX can run on everything from personal computers to mainframes and on many types of computer processors
Linux
Originally developed by Linus Torvalds, Linux is a fully open-source OS kernel, derived from UNIX
Chrome OS
is derived from Linux via an open-source OS called Chromium. Chrome OS itself is proprietary. Chrome OS is developed by Google to run on specific laptop (Chromebook) and PC (Chromebox) hardware. This hardware is designed for the budget and education markets
Apple iOS
is the operating system for Apple’s iPhone smartphone and original models of the iPad tablet. Like macOS, iOS is also derived from UNIX and developed as a closed-source operating system. This means that the code used to design the software is kept confidential, can only be modified by Apple, and can only be used on Apple devices
Apple iPadOS
has been developed from iOS to support the functionality of the latest iPad models (2019 and up). The principal advantage of iPadOS over iOS is better support for multitasking (using more than one app at once) and the Apple Pencil stylus device. Versions of iPadOS are released in parallel with iOS
Android
is a smartphone/tablet OS developed by the Open Handset Alliance, primarily driven by Google. Unlike iOS, it is an open-source OS, based on Linux
New Technology File System
is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft for use with Windows. maximum volume size is 16 Exabytes, but actual implementations of NTFS are limited to between 137 GB and 256 Terabytes
Journaling
When data is written to an NTFS volume, it is re-read, verified, and logged. In the event of a problem, the sector concerned is marked as bad and the data relocated. Journaling makes recovery after power outages and crashes faster and more reliable
Snapshots
This allows the Volume Shadow Copy Service to make read-only copies of files at given points in time even if the file is locked by another process. This file version history allows users to revert changes more easily and also supports backup operations
Security
Features such as file permissions and ownership, file access audit trails, quota management, and encrypting file system (EFS) allow administrators to ensure only authorized users can read/modify file data
POSIX Compliance
To support UNIX/Linux compatibility, Microsoft engineered NTFS to support case-sensitive naming, hard links, and other key features required by UNIX/Linux applications. Although the file system is case-sensitive capable and preserves case, Windows does not insist upon case-sensitive naming
Indexing
The Indexing Service creates a catalog of file and folder locations and properties, speeding up searches
Dynamic Disks
This disk management feature allows space on multiple physical disks to be combined into volumes
FAT32
FAT32 is a variant of FAT that uses a 32-bit allocation table, nominally supporting volumes up to 2 TB. The maximum file size is 4 GB minus 1 byte. Used to format the system partition
exFAT
is a 64-bit version of FAT designed for use with removable hard drives and flash media. Like NTFS, exFAT supports large volumes, up to a recommended maximum size of 512 Terabytes (TB). There is also support for access permissions but not encryption
Linux File Systems
ext3 is a standard Linux file system that added support for journaling. ext4 delivers better performance than ext3 delivers and would usually represent the best choice for new systems.
Linux can also support FAT/FAT32 (designated as VFAT). Additional protocols such as the Network File System (NFS) can be used to mount remote storage devices into the local file system
Apple File System
supports journaling, snapshots, permissions/ownership, and encryption
A public beta phase
used to gather user feedback
supported phase
the vendor releases regular patches to fix critical security and operational issues and feature upgrades to expand OS functionality
extended support phase
the product is no longer commercially available, but the vendor continues to issue critical patches
