Lesson 3- Energy systems and exercise

Question 1

ATP to ADP is what kind of reaction?

Answer 1

Exogenic reaction

Question 2

From where does the enrgy come when using muscle?

Answer 2

From splitting of ATP molecule

Question 3

3 main energy systems are?

Answer 3

1. Creatine phosphate
2. Anerobic Glycolysis
3. Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

Does creatine phosphate give out more ATP than oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 4

FALSE

Question 5

Where does the energy from breaking down the Crp go to?

Answer 5

Breakdown of Creatinr phosphate compound goes into phosphorylating the ADP to ATP for muscle relaxation in the muscle

Question 6

What type of compound is creatinr and what type and how many amino acids is it made up of?

Answer 6

It is an amine (nitrogen containing compound) - made up of 3 amino acids - glycine, arginine and methionine

Question 7

What are the 2 main food sources for creatine?

Answer 7

Beef and fish

Question 8

What are the organs that can synthesize creatine?

Answer 8

Liver and kidneys

Question 9

How much /3 does creatine store in the muscles?

Answer 9

1/3 as creatine and 2/3 as creatine phosphate

Question 10

what is the chemical compound called that gets excreted is a lot of creatine is taken and flitered through kidneys?

Answer 10

Creatinine

Question 11

What is the least amount of creatine that you can have in body?

Answer 11

2g/day

Question 12

Is creatine good for high intensity exercises?

Answer 12

YES!

Question 13

Is creatine phosphate an anerobic or aerobic energy system?

Answer 13

Anerobic energy system

Question 14

What is the ratio fo ATP produced for creatine phosphate?

Answer 14

Ratio is 1:1

Question 15

To how much mmol/kg can the creatine levels go down to?

Answer 15

120 mmmol/kg and 80 mmol/kg being CrP

Question 16

How many seconds cna creatine phosphate deplete?

Answer 16

5-10 seconds

Question 17

The recovery of CrP from creatine depends on what?

Answer 17

Depends on the aerobicx metabolsim fo the cell

Question 18

How does the creatine molecule bcome a CrP?

Answer 18

C–>CrP by taking the ATP produced aerobically from the mitochrondria

Question 19

How long does it take for creatine phosphsate to be rephosphoryalted from creatine?

Answer 19

1-2 mins - thisis the reason why atheletes breathe hard the first 1-2 minutes

Question 20

What are the disadvantages of creatine phosphate?

Answer 20

-creatine phosphate is stored in very limited amounts
in the muscle,
-can be depleted rapidly
-has a very
short duration as an energy system.

Question 21

What are the creatine supplements rule for an acute increase of creatine?

Answer 21

2-3 g/day
20-25 g/day 5-6 days

Question 22

What are the creatine supplements rule for an slower increase of creatine?

Answer 22

3g/day

Question 23

Eating _______ with creatine will help with uptake?

Answer 23

CHO

Question 24

How many % of non responders are there to creatine?

Answer 24

30%

Question 25

What is the average weight gain with creatine?

Answer 25

0.5-3.5 kg (AVERAGE IS 1kg)

Question 26

What is anerobic glycolysis?

Answer 26

It is the breakdown of CHO and putting it through chemical reactions that releases enough energy to phosphorylate ADP to ATP

Question 27

What is the final product of Anerobic Glycolysis?

Answer 27

Lactic Acid

Question 28

What is Lactic Acid?

Answer 28

Lactate + H+

Question 29

What happens to carbohydrates when consumed by the body?

Answer 29

Transformed into glucose and used or converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle for later use

Question 30

What is Glycogen?

Answer 30

Many glucose molecules linked together

Question 31

What is the difference between glycolysis and glycogenolysis?

Answer 31

Glycolysis --> braekdown of glucose Glycogenolysis --> breakdown of glycogen

Question 32

How many steps are there in glycolysis?

Answer 32

18 steps, 12 real ones and 6 duplicated/repeated

Question 33

What is the rate limiting factor in glycolysis?

Answer 33

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Question 34

Do we have more glycogen in liver or muscles?

Answer 34

We have more glyocgen in muscles

Question 35

What is the enzyme called for forming glucose into glycogen?

Answer 35

Hexokinase

Question 36

How many does glycolysis and glycogenolysis yield ATP at the end?

Answer 36

2 ATP for glucose and 3 ATP for glycogen

Question 37

How many foes turning pyruvate to glucose in the liver yield as ATP?

Answer 37

6 ATP

Question 38

Whast does oxidative phosphorylation use? (3)

Answer 38

CHO, protein and fats

Question 39

What are the 3 phases of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 39

1. Preperation of substrate to be aerobically metabolised 2. Oxidative via kreb cycle 3. electron transport chain

Question 40

Who is the last compound to accept the electron?

Answer 40

OXYGEN

Question 41

How many steps are there for the oxidative phosphorylation steps?

Answer 41

124 steps; 30 compounds, 27 enzymes

Question 42

What does oxidized mean?

Answer 42

That they have lost an electron

Question 43

What is the definition for gaining an electron?

Answer 43

Reduction

Question 44

What is NAD?

Answer 44

Nicotinamide adenosine dinulceotide

Question 44

What is FAD

Answer 44

Flavin adenosin dinucleotide

Question 44

What is the rate limiting factor for electron transport chain?

Answer 44

COX --> cytochrome oxidase

Question 44

How many ATP does opxidative phos yield?

Answer 44

30 ATP with glucose and 32 ATP with glycogen

Question 44

What is a triglyceride made up of?

Answer 44

A glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 44

What is lypolysis?

Answer 44

Breakdown of tryglcerides

Question 45

What is B-oxdiation?

Answer 45

Basically breaking carbon chains into smaller ones (2 C)

Question 46

Why is the carnitine shuttle important?

Answer 46

We need it in order to let the Acetyl cOa CROSS INTO THGE MITOCHONDRIA IN ORDER TO BE USED IN THE kREB CYCLE

Question 47

Can an amino acid group be metabolized aerobically with a nitorgen group?

Answer 47

FALSE

Question 48

What are examples in which protein becomes the primary source of fuel

Answer 48

Starvation and a glycogen depleted state