Lesson 3: Organization of the Skeletal Structure Flashcards
That part of the skeleton that consists of all the bones along the body’s axis and to which the bones of the appendicular skeleton append, 80 bones (skull 29, vertebral column 26, and thoracic cage bones 25)
Axial Skeleton
That part of the skeleton which supports the appendages in vertebrates, 126 bones (upper limbs 64, lower libs 62)
Appendicular Skeleton
What are the five types of classification of bones?
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid
What do long bones consist of?
Long shaft (diaphysis) and are usually expanded at either end, composed of compact bone but contain spongy bone within diaphyses, act as levers
Examples of long bones
Humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, and metatarsals
What do flat bones consist of?
Smooth, thin bones, comprised of two thin, flat plats of compact bone which lies a layer of spongy bone, protect the soft internal structures and provide attachment for muscles
Examples of flat bones
Sternum, scapula, parietal bone, occipital bone, temporal bone, frontal bone, ribs, and hip bone
What do short bones consist of?
Generally equal in width and length, mainly composed of spongy bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone, small movements
Examples of short bones
Carpal and tarsal bones
What consists of irregular bones?
Elaborate in shape and can’t be classified into the above categories
Examples of irregular bones
Sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, hyoid bone, sacrum, and vertebra
What do sesamoid bones consist of?
Form within the tendons of some muscles or tendons pass over joints, act to protect tendon and increase its mechanical efforts
Examples of sesamoid bones
Patella and accessory bones of the foot
Crest
A narrow ridge
ex: hip bone: iliac crest; and femur: intertrochanteric crest
Eminence
An elevation or projection
ex: intercondylar eminence
