Lesson 30-32 Flashcards
What is an enthymeme?
An enthymeme is an argument in which a statement is unstated and assumed. Specifically, it is a syllogism with one assumed statement
How can the missing statement in an enthymeme be determined?
By considering which terms were used only once in the given statements, then considering the form of the assumed statement that would make the syllogism valid
How is the enthymeme “I have sinned, for I have betrayed innocent blood” translated?
(All innocent-blood betrayers are sinners)
All I am an innocent-blood betrayer.
All I am a sinner
What is a Hypothetical?
A hypothetical is a statement that affirms an outcome based on a condition. It has the form If P then Q
What is a pure hypothetical syllogism?
A pure hypothetical syllogism is an argument that uses only hypothetical statements.
What is the P in “If P then Q” called?
It is called the antecedent. “ante” means before.
What is the Q in “If P then Q” called?
It is called the consequent.
What is
If P then Q
P
Q
Modus Ponens: Valid
What is
If P then Q
~Q
~P
Modus Tollens: Valid
What is
If P then Q
Q
P
Affirming the Consequent: invalid
What is
If P then Q
~P
~Q
Denying the antecedent: invalid
What is the first step in establishing a conclusion?
- Put the statement to be established into categorical form
What is the second step in establishing a conclusion?
- Find a valid argument form(mood and figure) which has that type of statement as the conclusion
What is the third step in establishing a conclusion?
Place the statement as the conclusion of the selected form of syllogism, and fill in the known terms, leaving the middle term blank
What is the fourth step in establishing a conclusion?
Find a middle term that makes the premises true, thus completing the argument
