Lesson 3B: Human Rights Violations in the Philippines Flashcards
(28 cards)
What were the human rights violations during the Spanish Colonization Period?
Forced Labor (Polo y Servicio), Tribute and Taxation Abuses (Tributo), Land Grabbing and Social Injustice
This was the forced labor system without compensation imposed upon the local population in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
Polo y Servicio
System of taxation imposed by the Spanish colonial government on the Filipinos to generate resources for maintaining the colony.
Taxation Abuses (Tributo)
Lands were taken away from the local farmers and given to the catholic authorities, private companies, and “big” rich families with ties to the Spanish colonial officials.
Land Grabbing and Social Injustice
Polo y servicio was mandatory for males from what ages?
16 to 60 years old
How many days was Polo y servicio?
40 days per year
What happened if you refused Polo y servicio?
You would be fined and imprisoned
What were the human rights violations during the japanese occupation?
Comfort women, Forced Labor and Death Marches
Filipino women who were forced into sexual slavery by the Japanese Imperial Army during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II.
Comfort Women
What years were the Japanese Occupation in the Philippines?
(1942–1945)
When did the Bataan Death March occur?
April 1942, after the surrender of Filipino and American forces to the Japanese in Bataan during World War II.
Around how many prisoners were forced to march the Bataan Death March?
76,000 prisoners(64,000 Filipinos and 12,000 Americans)
How many kms was the Bataan Death March?
Around 100km
From where to where was the Bataan Death March?
From Bataan to Camp O’Donnell
Around how many died from the Bataan Death March?
Estimated 5,000 to 10,000 Filipinos and 650 to 1,000 Americans died from exhaustion, disease, and executions.
What years was the Martial Law Period?
1972-1981
What were the human rights violations of Martial Law Period?
Suspension of Habeas Corpus, Political Imprisonment, Disappearances and Tortures, Suspension of Press Freedom
Why did President Ferdinand Marcos suspend the writ of habeas corpus?
To arrest and detain individuals without charges, citing threats of rebellion
What year was Marcos ousted?
1986
What did President Ferdinand Marcos do to silence opposition?
He ordered mass political imprisonments, disappearances, and tortures.
Around how many people were imprisoned, tortured, and killed during Ferdinand Marcos?
Around 70,000 people were imprisoned, 34,000 tortured, and 3,240 killed.
Who were the victims of Ferdinand Marcos whom were tortured or disappeared without a trace?
activists, journalists, and political opponents
How did President Ferdinand Marcos suppress press freedom?
shutting down independent media, censoring content, and controlling state propaganda
When was Press freedom restored?
after Marcos was ousted in 1986.
