Lesson 4

Question 1

is the application of pigments to a support surface that establishes an image, design or decoration. In art the term,

Answer 1

Painting

Question 2

Three of the most recognizable images in Western art history

Answer 2

1. Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa”
2. Edvard Munch’s “The Scream”
3. Vincent van Gogh’s “The Starry Night”.

Question 3

are extremely versatile because they can be applied to many different surfaces (called supports) including paper, wood, canvas, plaster, clay, lacquer and concrete.

Answer 3

Painting media

Question 4

All of the painting media use the following three basic ingredients:

Answer 4

1. Pigments
2. binder
3. solvent

Question 5

are granular solids incorporated into the paint to contribute color.

Answer 5

Pigments

Question 6

commonly referred to as the vehicle, is the actual film-forming component of paint. The binder holds the pigment in solution until it’s ready to be dispersed onto the surface.

Answer 6

Binder

Question 7

controls the flow and application of the paint. It’s mixed into the
paint, usually with a brush, to dilute it to the proper viscosity, or thickness, before it’s applied to the surface.

Answer 7

Solvent

Question 8

six major painting media, each with specific individual characteristics:

Answer 8

1. Encaustic
2. Tempera
3. Fresco
4. Oil
5. Acrylic
6. Watercolor

Question 9

paint mixes dry pigment with a heated beeswax binder. The mixture is then brushed or spread across a support surface. Reheating allows for longer manipulation of the paint.

Answer 9

Encaustic paint

Question 10

Encaustic dates back to the first century C.E. and was used extensively in funerary mummy portraits from ___?___in Egypt.

Answer 10

Fayum

Question 11

combines pigment with an egg yolk binder, then thinned and released with water.

Answer 11

Tempera paint

Question 12

Tempera paintings are traditionally applied in successive thin layers, called?

Answer 12

glazes

Question 13

used exclusively on plaster walls and ceilings. The medium of ____ has been used for thousands of years, but is most associated with its use in Christian images during the Renaissance period in Europe.

Answer 13

Fresco paint

Question 14

There are two forms of fresco:

Answer 14

1. buon
2. secco

Question 15

forms of fresco meaning wet

Answer 15

buon

Question 16

forms of fresco meaning dry

Answer 16

secco

Question 17

consists of painting in pigment mixed with water on a thin layer of wet, fresh lime mortar or plaster.

Answer 17

Buon fresco

Question 18

refers to painting an image on the surface of a dry plaster wall. This medium requires a binder since the pigment is not mixed into the wet plaster.

Answer 18

Secco fresco

Question 19

Leonardo Da Vinci’s painting of “The Last Supper” was done using ___?____

Answer 19

secco fresco

Question 20

the most versatile of all the painting media. It uses pigment mixed with a binder of linseed oil. Linseed oil can also be used as the vehicle, along with mineral spirits or turpentine.

Answer 20

Oil paint

Question 21

was developed in the 1950’s and became an alternative to oils. Pigment is suspended in an ____ polymer emulsion binder and uses water as the vehicle. The acrylic polymer has characteristics like rubber or plastic.

Answer 21

Acrylic paint

Question 22

the most sensitive of the painting media. It reacts to the lightest touch of the artist and can become an over worked mess in a moment.

Answer 22

Watercolor

Question 23

There are two kinds of watercolor media:

Answer 23

1. transparent
2. opaque

Question 24

operates in a reverse relationship to the other painting media. It is traditionally applied to a paper support, and relies on the whiteness of the paper to reflect light back through the applied color (see below),

Answer 24

Transparent watercolor

Question 25

reflect light off the skin of the paint itself.

Answer 25

opaque paints

Question 26

an area of color applied with a brush and diluted with water to let it flow across the paper.

Answer 26

wash

Question 27

painting allows colors to flow and drift into each other, creating soft transitions between them.

Answer 27

Wet-in-wet

Question 28

uses little water and lets the brush run across the top ridges of the paper, resulting in a broken line of color and lots of visual texture.

Answer 28

Dry brush

Question 29

started in Italy and quickly spread throughout the rest of Europe. These paintings are darkly mystical, infused with an ethereal emotional intensity.

Answer 29

The Gothic style of painting

Question 30

Carving and color were used to brighten and enliven the interior. The roof ceiling was painted in blue and studded with golden stars.

Answer 30

Decorative

Question 31

said to have copied the Greek paintings. The subjects were often taken from Greek story, though there were also Roman historical scenes, genre pieces, and many portraits.

Answer 31

Roman paintings

Question 32

comprises the body of Christian Greek artistic products of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.

Answer 32

Byzantine art

Question 33

was largely under the control of the priests. Some artists were priests themselves, and those who were not were under the direction of some church dignitary.

Answer 33

Romanesque painting

Question 34

was a time of great intellectual and spiritual awakening. Florentine artists took leadership in the development of a new style of painting focusing on ideal beauty.

Answer 34

Early Renaissance

Question 35

are intensely passionate and luxuriously luminescent. The highly valued synthesis of science, art, geometry and the natural world. The techniques used by painters of the High Renaissance were quite innovative in themselves.

Answer 35

Paintings of the High Renaissance

Question 36

Major Painting Techniques and Styles

Answer 36

1. Mannerism
2. Pointillism
3. Romanticism
4. Expressionism
5. Impressionism
6. Cubism
7. Symbolism
8. Surrealism
9. Futurism
10. Abstract Expressionism
11. Dadaism

Question 37

was a silver medalist for his work “The Death of Cleopatra” in in the 1881 National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid. He was 24 years old. His famous work was “Spoliarium” which won the first gold medal in the Madrid Exposition of 1884.

Answer 37

Juan Luna (1857-1899)

Question 38

studied in the University of Santo Tomas. He studied law, which he never finished, received a bachiller en filosifía degree in March 1871.

Answer 38

Felix Hidalgo (1855-1913)