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Lesson 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

These are inert materials derived from igneous, sedimentary; and metamorphic rocks or manufactured from clays, shales, slates and slags.

A

Aggregates

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2
Q

It is used in concreting are sand, natural gravel, gravel crushed stone, cinder and crushed furnace slag.

A

Aggregates

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3
Q

They are generally available and therefore constitute the major source of aggregates.

A

Natural sands and gravels

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4
Q

It is the next most widely used class of concrete aggregate.

A

Crushed stone

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5
Q

They are often washed to remove impurities which may retard cement hydration or prove otherwise deleterious, particularly for natural occurring sands and gravels.

A

Aggregates

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6
Q

What is usually done to aggregates toremove impurities which may retard cement hydration or prove otherwise deleterious, particularly for natural occurring sands and gravels?

A

washed

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7
Q

True or False. All aggregates are screened to ensure proper gradation of price.

A

False (price - size)

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8
Q

They are granular mineral particles that are widely used for highway bases, subbases and backfill.

A

Aggregates

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9
Q

These are also used in combination with cementing material to form concrete for structural construction, wearing surfaces and drainage structures.

A

Aggregates

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10
Q

What are the sources of aggregates?

A
  1. natural deposits of sand and gravel
  2. pulverized concrete and asphalt pavements
  3. crushed stones and blast furnace slag.
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11
Q

Aggregates which are intended for either bituminous or Portland cement concrete pavement should be of good quality and in accordance with the requirements of ________________________ which generaly consists of hard durable particles or fragments of crushed stones, crushed slag; or crushed or natural gravels.

A

AASHTO for Dense-Graded Bituminous road and Plant-Mix Surface Coarse (Item-703 of the DPWH)

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12
Q

What are the general classifications of aggregates?

A
  1. fine aggregates
  2. coarse aggregates
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13
Q

These are commonly known as sands and are composes of particles smaller than 3/16inch nominal.

A

Fine Aggregates

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14
Q

Fine aggregates are commonly known as sands and are composes of particles smaller than ______ inch nominal.

A

3/16

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15
Q

It is generally the product of natural disintegration of silica-bearing or calcium bearing rock.

A

Sand or Fine Aggregate

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16
Q

What is the sieve requirement for a fine aggregate?

A

Amost all the sand should pass through a No. 4 sieve and be predominantly retained by a No. 200 (14 - micron) sieve

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17
Q

How are fine aggregates sometimes manufactured from a larger pieces of aggregate?

A
  1. crushing
  2. grinding
  3. rolling
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18
Q

These are composed of particles larger than the clear opening of a No. 4 sieve (0. 185 inches).

A

Coarse Aggregates

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

These comes from natural grave deposits and also known as natural gravel which are formed by water, wind or glacial action

A

Coarse Aggregate

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21
Q

How are course aggregate manufactured?

A

crushing rock, stone, boulders, and cobblestones or crushed gravel

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22
Q

Four common kinds of course aggregates:

A
  1. limestone or calcium bearing material
  2. basalt, granite and related igneous rock
  3. sandstones and quartzite
  4. rock, such as opal and chert, composed mainly of amorphous silicon dioxide.
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23
Q

Aggregates are bond together into a conglomerated mass by Portland-cement paste. The mixed Portland cement and water, form _____________.

A

concrete mortar or plaster

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24
Q

Aggregates are bond together into a conglomerated mass by _______. The mixture form concrete mortar or plaster.

A

Portland-cement paste

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25
How many percent does aggregate make up of mass of concrete?
75
26
They influence the properties of resulting concrete.
Physical, Mechanical and Chemical properties of the aggregates
27
It influences the bond between aggregate and paste.
Surface texture
28
It influences the elastic properties of the concrete and the amount of resistance to shrinkage of the paste.
Elastic properties of the aggregate
29
It influences the amount of water required for the concrete.
Size, shape, and grading of the particles
30
It may improve bondíng between the two and consequently the quality of concrete.
Reactions at the interface of the cement matrix and the aggregate
31
True or False. The reaction between certain silicon constituents present in some aggregate and alkalies in cements may cause abnormal expansion and strengthening of the concrete.
False (strengthening - cracking)
32
3 Characteristics of Aggregates
1. Specific Gravity 2. Water Absorption 3. Abrasion Resistance
33
It determines the weight and strength of aggregates.
Specific Gravity
34
The used of coarse aggregates specifically for the construction of dams, weirs, retaining wals barrages, docks and harbors should be _______ and of a ________ variety.
1. durable 2. heavier
35
In case of dams and roof coverings, _______ varieties of coarse aggregates are preferred
lighter
36
The specific gravity of good coarse aggregates or stones should be between _____ and ______.
1. 2.5 2. 3.0
37
They are compact, less porous and are good for hydraulic structures.
Heavier coarse aggregates or stones
38
It is directly proportional to the porosity.
Water Absorption of coarse aggregates or stones
39
True or False. If a stone is more porous then it will absorb more water and cause less damage to stones.
False (less - more)
40
It depends upon the mineral constituents and structural formation of the parent rock.
Porosity of building stones
41
True or False. f stones used in building construction are porous then rain water carrying some acidic gases forming light acids can easily enter into the pore spaces, expand, and cause damage to the stones.
True
42
Building stones should be porous or nonporous?
nonporous
43
The value of water absorption of a good quality coarse aggregates or stones shall not be more than _____________.
0.60 per unit weight
44
_________ in stones develops rust in the presence of moisture.
Excess iron oxide or carbonate
45
It takes place and it results into the disintergration of the stone.
Freezing of water in pores
46
It one of the most important attributes of aggregates and factor to consider in resisting wearing, crushing, degradation and disintegration.
Abrasion resistance
47
The _____________________ have a strong relationships with strength properties and modulus elasticity of concrete which increases the abrasion resistance by continuous rubbing and scratching to contact surface
wearing resistance of aggregates
48
It is to determine the hardness property of aggregates.
Abrasion test
49
It is the ratio of mass or weight of aggregates to a specified unit volume.
Bulk density or unit weight of aggregates
50
It is required to determine the weight and volume relationships and the measurement of the space occupied by the aggregates in proportioning mixture.
Density of aggregates
51
It plays an important part in terms of workability, segregation and mobility of concrete.
Gradation or Particle Size Distribution
52
Particle size distribution plays an important part in terms of :
1. workability 2. segregation 3. mobility of concrete.
53
It requires less cement paste that will reduce the possible bleeding, creeping and shrinking of concrete during the hardening process.
Uniformity of Sizes of Aggregates
54
It produces strong bonding between the cement paste and aggregates.
Well-graded aggregates
55
It deternmines also the amount required of paste in the concrete mixture.
Well-graded aggregates
56
It covers the procedure to determine the specific gravity of coarse aggregates.
Specific Gravity Test Method
57
It is defined as the ratio of the weight aggregates to a specified volume of water.
Specific Gravity
58
What is the specific gravity of good coarse aggregates or stones?
between 2.5 and 3.0
59
It is measured by means of its specific gravity.
Quality of Aggregates
60
What is the objective of specific gravity test method of coarse aggregates?
determine the specific gravity of coarse aggregates
61
True or False. Test for Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregates (ASTM Designation C 127 -07) is intended for lightweight aggregates.
False (not intended)
62
What are the apparatus/ instruments and equipment for specific gravity test method?
1. Specific Gravity testing Machine 2. Wire Mesh Bucket 3. Weighing Machine 4. Metal Cylinder 5. Scoop 6. Tray
63
Two formulas for Test for Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregates
1. Apparent Specific Gravity 2. Bulk Specific Gravity
64
It covers the procedure to determine the moisture or water absorbing capacity of coarse aggregates and to measure the strength or quality of coarse aggregates.
Water absorption test method
65
True or False. If the coarse aggregates used are porous they are considered suitable.
False (suitable - unsuitable)
66
Coarse aggregates to be used in water absorption test must be:
nonporous and compact with solidity
67
What is the objective of Test For Water Absorption of Aggregates?
to determine the moisture or water content of coarse aggregates
68
True or False. Water Absorption Test for Aggregates is not intended for lightweight aggregates.
True
69
Apparatus/Instruments and Equipment for Test For Water Absorption of Aggregates:
1. Water bath 2. Wire Mesh Bucket, 3. Weighing Machine 4. Scoop 5. Tray
70
Formulas needed for Water Absorption Test
Moisture Content
71
It covers the procedure for testing sizes of coarse aggregates smaller than 37. 5 mm or 1: inch for resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles (LA) Abrasion Machine
Abrasion Resistance Test Method
72
Abrasion Resistance Test Method covers the procedure for testing sizes of coarse aggregates smaller than _____________ for resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles (LA) Abrasion Machine
37. 5 mm or 1: inch
73
It is used as an indicator of the relative quality or competence of various sources of aggregates with similar mineral compositions
Abrasion Resistance Test Method
74
What is the objective of Abrasion Resistance Test Method?
determine the measurement of the resistance of coarse aggregates to degradation causes by impact, abrasion and grinding.
75
Apparatus/Instruments and Equipment for Abrasion Resistance Test Method
1. LA Abrasion Testing Machine 2. Standard Sieves 3. Weighing Scale 4. Oven 5. Steel Charge (Steel Spheres) 6. No. 12 Sieve, Scoop, 7. Tray 8. Container
76
Formulas for Abrasion Resistance Test Method
Percentage of Wear (Loss)
77
It covers the procedure to determine of the average density of quantity of coarse aggregates (not including the volume of the voids between the particles).
Density Test Method
78
In Density Test Method, it is determined after drying the aggregates.
Oven-dry (OD)
79
In Density Test Method, it is determined after soaking the aggregates in a water for a prescribed direction.
Saturated surface dry (SSD)
80
Apparatus/Instruments and Equipment for Density Test Method
1. Water bath 2. Wire Mesh Bucket 3. Weighing Machine 4. Scoop 5. Spoon 6. Metal Cylinder 7. Tray
81
Formulas for Density Test Method
1. Density on oven-Dried Basis (DOD) 2. Density on a Saturated Surface-Dry Basis(DSSD) 3. Apparent Density Basis (AD)
82
It covers the determination of particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving.
Particle Size Distribution Test Method
83
This method contains grading requirements including both coarse and fine fractions.
Particle Size Distribution Test Method
84
It is needed in order to secure the quality, workability and economy of aggregates in cement.
Suitable gradation
85
For asphalt concrete, it only affect the workability of the mixture and economy in the use of asphalt, but also will affect significantly the strength and the other important properties.
suitable gradation
86
Apparatus/Instruments and Equipment for Particle Size Distribution Test Method
1. Mechanical Shaker 2. Set of Sieves with Pan and Cover 3. Containers 4. Weighing Machine 5. Sieve Brush
87
What are the computations needed in Particle Size Distribution Test Method?
1. Cumulative Percentage Retained 2. Percentage Passing 3. Moisture Content 4. Fineness Modulus 5. Percentage Error in Weights

CMT (6 decks)

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