Lesson 4

Question 1

the mass per unit volume

Answer 1

Density

Question 2

mass (kg)/LCM or mass (lb)/LCY

Answer 2

Loose density (LD)

Question 3

mass (kg)/BCM or mass (lb)/BCY

Answer 3

Bank density (BD)

Question 4

the percentage increase in volume that a material exhibits when
removed from its natural state

Answer 4

Swell

Question 5

(100%)(LCM – BCM)/BCM

Answer 5

Swell

Question 6

LD/BD = 100/(100 + swell)

Answer 6

Swell factor (SF)

Question 7

𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟(𝐴)/
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟(𝑈)

Answer 7

Operating Efficiency (E)

Question 8

the portion of scheduled time that the equipment is mechanically and electrically ready to be operated, decimal

Answer 8

A = availability factor

Question 9

the portion of available time that the equipment is being operated at full potential, decimal

Answer 9

U = utilization factor

Question 10

The _______ for excavating equipment is the percentage of the bucket or dipper’s heaped capacity that actually fills with material

Answer 10

fill factor

Question 11

the time required for excavating and loading equipment to complete one cycle of filling the bucket or dipper, swinging or tramming to the dump point, dumping, swinging or tramming to the excavation point, and positioning the bucket or dipper for filling

Answer 11

load cycle time (Tcl)

Question 12

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝐷)/𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑(𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑒)𝑥𝑈𝐶F

Answer 12

Travel Time (TT)

Question 13

The ______________ for haulage equipment is the sum of the load time, travel
time to the dump point, dump or spread time, and return time.

Answer 13

theoretical cycle time

Question 14

also includes waiting and expected delays (if these are not already included in the operating efficiency factor.

Answer 14

actual or corrected cycle time

Question 15

useful in lifting loose materials vertically from one level to another. They are used to clean ditches and settlement ponds, to load materials from stockpile into trucks or a hopper, or to unload barges.

Answer 15

Clamshell

Question 16

—used in and around open pits, strip mines, and quarries where traction and maneuverability are needed

Answer 16

Conventional rear dump trucks

Question 17

used for high-speed, long-distance haulage

Answer 17

Tractor-trailer trucks

Question 18

—used for haulage of coal and other soft, free-flowing materials.

Answer 18

Integral bottom dump trucks

Question 19

Used for both loading and load-and-carry applications as well as in other mine support functions.

Answer 19

Wheel Loaders

Question 20

the time needed for the truck to maneuver into position for
loading

Answer 20

Spot time

Question 21

the time required for the loading machine to make the number of passes required to load the truck.

Answer 21

load time

Question 22

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑚𝑖𝑛)/𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑚𝑖𝑛)

Answer 22

number of trucks