Lesson 4 Flashcards
(56 cards)
1
Q
- [ ] the study of soil organisms and their processes
A
Soil Microbiology
2
Q
- [ ] Give the importance SOIL MICROORGANISMS
A
-decomposers of plant and animal residue
-preserving environmental factor
-responsible for biochemical changes
3
Q
- [ ] art of the plant population which consists of individual too small to be clearly distinguished with the use of microscopes. Give example
A
Micro flora
4
Q
- [ ] organisms < 100 μm in size which feed on other microorganisms.
A
Microfauna
5
Q
- [ ] organisms generally larger than the microfauna which feed on plants
A
macro fauna
6
Q
Some mammals, reptiles, and amphibians live in soil burrows.
A
Mega fauna
7
Q
- [ ] Major Groups of Soil Organisms
A
-earthworms
Bacteria
Nematodes
Algae
Protozoa
8
Q
- [ ] Probably the most important macro-animals in humid temperate region soils
A
Earthworms
9
Q
-It is recognizable by the three distinct shades of color at its front end, and it is 6 centimetres (2.4 in) in length when not moving?
A
Grey Worm
10
Q
- Enhance nutrient and soil translocation
A
Pedoturbation
11
Q
- live in the litter layer, living in the soil surface. Surface dwelling worms
A
African Night crawler
12
Q
-Organisms that have only one cell
A
Bacteria
13
Q
- What are the biomass and size of a bacteria
A
0.004-0.005
400-5000 kg/ha
14
Q
- Classification of Bacteria based on Morphology
A
Bacillus
Cocos
Spirillum
15
Q
- [ ] capable of growing at 0°C
A
Psyhcrophilic
16
Q
- [ ] optimum growth is at 25°C to 39°C
A
Mesophilic
17
Q
- [ ] can thrive only at high temperature 40- 80°C
A
Termophilic
18
Q
- [ ] PRODUCE THEIR OWN FOOD FOR ENERGY (PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
A
Autotrophic
19
Q
- [ ] obtain their energy from sunlights. Example
A
Photoautotrophs
20
Q
- [ ] energy obtained from oxidation of inorganic compound such as carbon from carbon dioxide
A
Chemoautotroph
21
Q
- [ ] obtain their energy from the breakdown of organic materials. EAT OTHER ORGANISM TO GET ENERGY (CONSUMERS)
A
Heterotrophic
22
Q
- [capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
A
Rhizobium
23
Q
- [ ] conversion of ammonia to nitrite
A
Nitrosomonas
24
Q
- [ ] conversion of nitrite to nitrate
A
Nitrobacter
25
- [ ] Conversion of nitrate to atmospheric algae
Denitrifying Bacteria
26
- [ ] They are responsible for the characteristically “earthy” smell of freshly turned healthy soil. Resemble molds and high ph levels.
Actinomycetes .
27
- [ ] an association between fungi and plant roots which help plants in solubilization of Phosphorus and its absorption.
Mycorrhizae
28
- [ ] fungi that obtain their food either by infecting living organisms
Parasite
29
- [ ] attack on dead organic matter
Saprophytes
30
- [ ] Principally thrives in aquatic environment loves moist habitat. The most important and abundant photosynthetic microorganisms in the soil. They are capable of Nitrogen Fixation.
Algae
31
- [ ] The simplest and most abundant soil animal
Ingest food through oral opening
Protozoa
32
- [ ] Commonly called thread worms or eelworms
Nematodes
33
-Effects of Organic Matter to Soil Properties
Physical
Chemical
Biological
34
- [ ] Refers to the totality of all carbon-containing compounds in the soil derived from either plants or animals.
Soil Organic Matter
35
- [ ] Enhances soil aggregation and aggregate stability
Physical
36
- [ ] Increases Cation Exchange Capacity Increases soil buffering capacity.
Chemical
37
- [ ] Provides carbon and energy to soil organisms and thus increases their diversity and activity.
Biological
38
- [ ] is a convenient tool for predicting the rate of decomposition and regulating the quantity of mineral nitrogen available to plant.
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio
39
- [ ] 20/1 is the optimum C/N ratio of organic materials for
higher decomposition
40
- [ ] > 30:1 (wide)- Difficult to decompose
favors immobilization
41
- [ ] •< 30:1 (narrow)- Have higher nitrogen content
favors mineralization
42
C/N Soil OM (humus)
10-12:1
43
CN Bark of trees
200:1
44
CN Rice Straw
50:1
45
Cattle Manure CN
16:1
46
Poultry Manure CN
6.7:1
47
- [conversion of organic N to inorganic
Mineralization
48
- [x] conversion of inorganic N to organic
Immobilization
49
- [x] The biological formation of NO3- (Nitrate) or NO2 (Nitrite) from compound containing reduced nitrogen.
Nitrification
50
- [x] Denitrificans reduce the Nitrate to Nitrite then to gaseous nitrogen forms.
Denitrification
51
- [x] Breakdown of organic matter such as dead animals and plants or waste materials. This breakdown is accomplished by microorganisms which utilize dead organic material for their energy.
Ammonification
52
- [x] occurs only in an association of a plant root (leguminous plant) and a microorganism (bacteria) belonging to the genus of Rhizobium.
Symbiotic Nitrogen Ratio
53
- [x] which is brought about by certain free-living bacteria and blue-green algae.
Non Symbiotic Nitrogen Ratio
54
- [x] Types of Nitrogen Fixation
Symbiotic
Non Symbiotic
55
- [x] organic residues or a mixture of organic residues and soil that have been piled moistened and allowed to undergo biological decomposition.
Compost
56
- [ ] practice of making humus like organic materials outside of the soil by mixing
piling or otherwise storing organic materials under conditions conducive to aerobic decomposition.
Composting
