Lesson 4 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Who was Emile Durkheim?
A French social theorist and pioneer in modern sociology
Where was Emile Durkheim born?
Épinal, France
What institution did Durkheim graduate from in 1882?
École Normale Supérieure
What scientific method did Durkheim advocate for studying society?
Application of scientific methods
What is the ‘collective conscience’ according to Durkheim?
The common values shared by a society that hold social order together
What can a breakdown of societal values lead to?
Loss of social stability, anxiety, and dissatisfaction
What term describes the state of normlessness in society?
Anomie
In which book did Durkheim discuss suicide?
Suicide: A Study in Sociology
What is the concept of ‘social integration’ in Durkheim’s sociology?
The density of social relationships among individuals
What are the two types of solidarity identified by Durkheim?
Mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity
What does mechanical solidarity refer to?
Social cohesion based on shared activities and similarities in early societies
What is organic solidarity?
Social cohesion based on interdependence and specialization in modern societies
What are the four types of suicide identified by Durkheim?
Egoistic, altruistic, anomic, fatalistic
What characterizes egoistic suicide?
Lack of social integration and feeling of being a social outcast
What is altruistic suicide?
Suicide committed for the collective benefit of a highly integrated group
What leads to anomic suicide?
Lack of social regulation during periods of stress or sudden changes
What is fatalistic suicide?
Suicide occurring under extreme regulation and high expectations
What are ‘social facts’ according to Durkheim?
Aspects of social life that cannot be explained by individual characteristics
What are material social facts?
Society’s major institutions and forms like housing patterns and crime rates
What are non-material social facts?
Social rules, principles of morality, and shared consciousness
What did Durkheim emphasize in his ‘Rules of Sociological Method’?
Scientific approaches essential for sociological investigations
Fill in the blank: Durkheim believed that groups have characteristics that are _______ from the sum of individual characteristics.
different
True or False: Durkheim was influenced by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.
True
