LESSON 4 Flashcards
is a tendency to believe that one’s culture is superior or above other cultures.
Ethnocentrism
considers one’s own culture as the “center of everything,”
Ethnocentrism
is a culturally based tendency to value other cultures more highly than one’s own, which can materialize in a variety of different ways.
Xenocentrism
suggests that every culture is equal.
Cultural relativism
is the process where an individual or a group learns culture through experience or observation.
Enculturation
refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture. starts at when a baby is born and ends upon death.
Socialization
also known as identity development or identity construction, is the lifelong process of developing a sense of self.
Identity formation
are rules or expectations that guide the behaviors of members of the society.
Norms
These are your goals and dreams for the future. They can be long or short term goals.
Aspirations:
These are the areas of knowledge and skill you develop through learning and experience
Disciplines
These are the various roles, groups, and characteristics that you see as part of yourself.
Identities
These are norms that are observed in casual or routine encounters and are considered less significant.
Folkways
These are norms that are widely observed in society and pose heavy moral significance.
Mores
are culturally-defined standards that people see as good, acceptable, and desirable that serve as broad guidelines of living.
Values
is a social position that a person holds or occupies in society.
Status
It is a position that a person receives at birth or involuntarily later in life. (INBRON STATUS)
Ascribed
It is a social position that is voluntarily acquired and reflects a person’s effort and ability.
Achieved
is a behavior expected from someone who holds a particular social status.
role
is the tendency for people to adjust their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to align with those of a group they belong to or want to belong to.
Conformity
refer to an individual’s inner capacity to sense what is right and what is wrong.
Informal means of control
are the system of rewards and punishments that become structuralized in an institution. In general, are methods utilized by governments and organizations to prevent chaos in society.
Formal means of control
are the shared beliefs, principles, and moral expectations that guide a society.
Social values
are generally negative consequences imposed for violating rules or expectations.
Sanctions
motivate desired behaviors and reinforce positive actions.
Rewards
