Lesson 4&5 Flashcards
(42 cards)
A collection of individuals who have relation with one another that make them interdependent to some significant degree
Social Group
It is a necessary condition that exists within social groups because it is that enables its members to pursue shared goals or promote common values and principles
Interdependence
A collection of people within a particular place and time
Aggregate
Small, intimate, and less specialized group whose members engage in face to face and emotion based interactions over an extended period of time
Primary Groups
Larger, less intimate and more specialized groups where members engage in an impersonal and objective
Oriented relationship for a limited time
Secondary groups
It proposes that people’s appreciation of their group membership is influenced by their perception towards people who are not members of their group
Self categorized theory
Is a group which one belongs and with which one feels a sense of identity
In-Group
Is a group which one does not belong and to which he or she may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility
Out-Group
Is a group which an individual compares himself or herself to
Reference Groups
Refers to the structure of relationships between social actors or groups
Networks
Networks are exclusive, limited and mostly defined by kinship (biologically)
Traditional societies
Redefined the “safe and secure” arrangement provided by traditional networks by allowing the individual to become part of a more expanded and cosmopolitan network with overlapping circles of social interaction
Modern societies
➢Refers to the process
whereby organisms undergo
various genetic and physical
changes that pave the way
for biological diversity.
Biological Evolution
▪People learned how to
create tools and
equipment for daily tasks
and live together as a
society.
Technological Evolution
▪The mutual interactive
evolution of human
biology and culture.
Biocultural Evolution
Lowest stage of development which exemplified
by the nomadic and hunter-gatherer lifestyle.
Savage Stage
Middle stage of development where people
began learning agricultural techniques and the
domestication of animals.
Barbaric Stage
Highest stage of development where people
learned writing.
Civilized Stage
▪Postulated that the
accumulation of
private property
paved way for
the collapse of
primitive communities.
Friedrich Engels
▪Came up with the perspective
that social institutions evolve
primarily due to the struggle
between the social classes.
Friedrich Engels
& Karl Marx
▪Individual members
within societies engage
in a competition for
survival whereby the
superior ones dominate
those who are inferior
type.
Herbert Spencer
•Earliest societies
•Small and nomadic family groups and
plainly organized
•Leadership was based on qualities
such as strength, intelligence and
trustworthiness.
Band-level Societies
- a more normal social
organization made up of
several bands and groups
that were connected through
a clan or kinship.
Tribe
– a formal
leader.
Headman
