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Chemistry Year 10 > Lesson 4-5: Acids, pH scale, neutralisation > Flashcards

Lesson 4-5: Acids, pH scale, neutralisation Flashcards

1
Q

What does HNO₃ split into when in solution?

A
  • H⁺
  • NO₃⁻
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2
Q

What does HCl split into when in solution?

A
  • H⁺
  • Cl⁻
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3
Q

What does H₂SO₄ split into when in solution?

A
  • 2H⁺
  • SO₄²⁻
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4
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a substance with a pH less than 7 that can be dissolved in water to form H⁺ ions.

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5
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is a substance that reacts with an acid to neutralise it and produces a salt and water .

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6
Q

What 2 substances are bases?

A
  • Insoluble metal hydroxides
  • Insoluble metal oxides
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7
Q

Give an example of an alkali.

A
  • Soluble metal hydroxide
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8
Q

What does the salt produced in a reaction between an acid and base or alakli depend on?

A
  • The acid used
  • The positive ions in the base, alkali, carbonate.
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9
Q

What is neutralisation?

A
  • A chemical reaction in which an acid reacts with an alkali or a base to form salt and water.
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10
Q

What two things can we use to show the pH of a solution?

A
  • pH probe
  • Universal indicator
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11
Q

What is meant by pH?

A
  • The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
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12
Q

What ions does water split into?

A

H⁺ OH⁻

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13
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

The pH scale is the measure of acidity or alkaninity of a solution from 0 to 14.

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14
Q

Give the ionic equation for neutralisation.

A

H⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq) –> H₂O (l)

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15
Q

What are strong acids?

A
  • Strong acids are ones that completely ionise in aqueous solutions.
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16
Q

Give 3 examples of strong acids.

A
  • Hydrochloric
  • Nitric
  • Sulphuric
17
Q

What is the difference between concentration and strength of an acid?

A
  • Concentration is the amount of acid (particles) in a solution.
    WHEREAS
    Strength is the degree of ionisation of hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.
18
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

A weak acid is one that is only partially ionised in aqueous solution.

19
Q

Give 3 examples of weak acids.

A
  • Ethanoic acid
  • Citric acid
  • Carbonic acid
20
Q

What happens to the hydrogen ion concentration as the pH increases by one unit?

A
  • The hydrogen ion concentration will decrease by factor of 10.
21
Q

What is a base?

A
  • A base is a substance that will react with an acid to neutralise it and form a salt and water.
22
Q

What is the general equation for an acid + metal carbonate?

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Chemistry Year 10 (23 decks)

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