Lesson 4 - The Cell

Question 1

TRUE or FALSE:
The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by an inner and outer membrane.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Give the 2 organelles where genes are contained in besides the nucleus.

Answer 2

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 3

Which organelle refers to the network of intermediate filaments which mechanically support the nuclear membrane?

Answer 3

nuclear lamina

Question 4

How is chromatin formed?

Answer 4

Chromatin is formed by the coalescence of DNA and histones.

Question 5

Which organelle is the site for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis?

Answer 5

nucleolus

Question 6

It refers to the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins.

Answer 6

translation

Question 7

TRUE or FALSE:
Cell types that synthesize large quantities of proteins have large numbers of ribosomes and prominent nucleoli.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

TRUE or FALSE:
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

TRUE or FALSE:
Cisternal lumen is continuous with the space between 2 membranes of nuclear envelope.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Enumerate the 6 components of the endomembrane system.

Answer 10

• nuclear envelope
• endoplasmic reticulum
• golgi apparatus
• lysosome
• vacuoles/vesicles
• plasma membrane

Question 11

TRUE or FALSE:
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in cells that secrete proteins.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Which organelle synthesizes lipids, oil, phospholipids, and steroids?

Answer 12

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

TRUE or FALSE:
The golgi apparatus is abundant in cells specialized for secretion of glycoprotein.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Give the two sides of the golgi apparatus.

Answer 14

cis and trans sides

Question 15

TRUE or FALSE:
Lysosome enzymes work best at pH 5.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Which term refers to the recycling process that renews the cell?

Answer 16

autophagy

Question 17

Give the 3 types of vacuoles and their respective functions.

Answer 17

• food vacuole - fuses with lysosomes
• contractile vacuole - pump excess water out of the cell in freshwater protists
• central vacuole

Question 18

It is the membrane surrounding the central vacuole.

Answer 18

tonoplast

Question 19

TRUE or FALSE:
The tonoplast contains glycolipids.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Give the functions of the central vacuole.

Answer 20

• stockpiling proteins or inorganic ions
• depositing metabolic byproducts
• storing pigments
• storing defensive compounds against herbivores

Question 21

Which organelle refers to membrane bound sacs with varied functions?

Answer 21

vesicles and vacuoles

Question 22

Which organelle generates ATP from catabolism of sugars, fats, and other fuels in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 22

mitochondria

Question 23

Which organelle converts solar energy to chemical energy and synthesizes new organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water?

Answer 23

chloroplasts

Question 24

TRUE or FALSE:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have small quantities of DNA that direct synthesis of polypeptides in their internal ribosomes.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

It refers to the highly folded inner membrane of mitochondria.

Answer 25

cristae

Question 26

It refers to the fluid-filled space with DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes on the inner membrane of mitochondria.

Answer 26

mitochondrial matrix

Question 27

Which organelle is one of the several members of a generalized class of plant structures called plastids?

Answer 27

chloroplast

Question 28

Give the functions of amyloplasts and chromoplasts.

Answer 28

* amyloplasts - stores starch * chromoplasts - stores pigments such as carotene

Question 29

TRUE or FALSE: Chloroplasts reproduce by pinching into 2.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

TRUE or FALSE: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are mobile and move around the cell along the tracks of the cytoskeleton.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

It is the innermost membrane of the chloroplast which contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes.

Answer 31

stroma

Question 32

It refers to the membranous flattened sac inside in the chloroplast which is critical for converting light to chemical energy.

Answer 32

thylakoid

Question 33

Which organelle generates and degrades hydrogen peroxide in performing various metabolic functions?

Answer 33

peroxisomes

Question 34

TRUE or FALSE: Peroxisomes are formed by the incorporation of proteins and lipids in the cytosol.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which organelle refers to the network of fibers which organizes structures and activities in the cell.

Answer 35

cytoskeleton

Question 36

Give the three components of the cytoskeleton.

Answer 36

* microtubules * intermediate filaments * microfilaments

Question 37

Which organelle moves chromosomes during cell division?

Answer 37

microtubules