Lesson 4a: Kinetics of Substrate Utilization Product Formation & Biomass Production in Cell Cultures

Question 1

in ______ _____ enzymes require a suitable substrate and operating conditions such as temperature, pH, etc

Answer 1

enzymatic reactions

Question 2

in enzymatic reactions, enzymes require a suitable ______ and _____ ___ such as temperature, pH, etc

Answer 2

substrate
operating conditions

Question 3

The liquid medium contains the
following ingredients (3)

Answer 3

Carbon source
Nitrogen source
Minerals and Vitamins

Question 4

used for cell growth, product formation, energy source, and maintenance

Answer 4

Carbon source

Question 5

mostly contributes to the growth of cells

Answer 5

Nitrogen source

Question 6

mostly used as cofactors in the
metabolic pathways of living cells

Answer 6

Minerals and Vitamins

Question 7

nitrogen source

Answer 7

mostly contributes to the growth of cells

Question 7

Carbon source is used for [4]

Answer 7

cell growth,
product formation,
energy source,
maintenance

Question 8

Minerals and Vitamins

Answer 8

used as cofactors in the metabolic pathways of living cells

Question 9

In _______ ____, the mass of living cells is proportional to the number of cells.

Answer 9

unicellular organisms

Question 9

T/F: In multicellular organisms, the mass of living cells is proportional to the number of cells.

Answer 9

F: unicellular

Question 10

for unicellular organisms, the concentration of the cells may be expressed in either the number of _________ or the ____________

Answer 10

viable cells/volume
mass of cells/volume.

Question 11

In the case of _____ ___, the size and density of the cells are not necessarily proportional to their numbers

Answer 11

mold growth

Question 12

The concentration of mold-like cells is expressed only in the

Answer 12

mass/volume

Question 12

2 Processes associated with cell
growth

Answer 12

Utilization of materials from the medium by the cells

Generation of metabolic end products in the medium.

Question 13

kinetics of the biochemical processes involved for cell growth and metabolism consist of [2]

Answer 13

medium environment
cell population

Question 14

cell population [6]

Answer 14

CCIASG
Ch, Cr, Ic, A, S, Gc

cell-to-cell heterogeneity
Chain reactions
internal Control
Adaptability
Stochastic
Genetic Change

Question 14

T/F: It is impractical to consider a kinetic model that has all the features mentioned

Answer 14

T

Question 15

medium environment [6]

Answer 15

MRAVCM
M, Rs, ABe, V, Chr, M

multicomponent
Reactions in solution
Acid-base equilibria
Variables [pH temp ect]
Changing rheological properties [myo, rho]
multiphase

Question 16

It is necessary to simplify the model with some _____________ and develop a useful representation of cell growth kinetics

Answer 16

approximation

Question 18

T/F: It is assumed that the concentration of all components present in the medium is sufficiently high

Answer 18

T

Question 19

the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of that component only

Answer 19

RATE-LIMITING SUBSTRATE

Question 20

The ___________ are regulated by controlling the environmental parameters such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration

Answer 20

process parameters

Question 21

The ____________ are regulated by controlling the _____________ such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration

Answer 21

process parameters environmental parameters

Question 21

The process parameters are regulated by controlling the _____________ such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration

Answer 21

environmental parameters

Question 22

The process parameters are regulated by controlling the environmental parameters such as _____, ________, and __________

Answer 22

pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration

Question 23

enzymatic rxn operating conditions [5]

Answer 23

temp pH CO2 O2 humidity

Question 24

usually deals with the kinetics of the change in individual components present in the cells (ex. RNA, DNA, proteins, etc.).

Answer 24

structured

Question 24

classified the microbial systems according to the number of components used in the cellular representation [2]

Answer 24

A. fredrickson H. Tsuchiya

Question 25

is considered a single-component system assuming the kinetic changes of all components is same.

Answer 25

unstructured

Question 26

the kinetics of individual cells is taken into consideration separately.

Answer 26

segregated mode

Question 27

the growth characteristics of individual cells are assumed to be the same.

Answer 27

unsegregated model

Question 28

In ideal condition, the cell growth kinetics is assumed to be in the ________, ______ mode.

Answer 28

unsegregated, unstructured

Question 29

In an _________, the reaction mixture usually consists of a substrate, and enzyme, and a cofactor (if any).

Answer 29

enzymatic reaction

Question 29

The reaction normally takes place at a particular temperature and pH.

Answer 29

enzymatic reaction

Question 29

The substrate is specific with respect to the enzyme (ex. glucose isomerase reacts only on glucose to produce fructose).

Answer 29

enzymatic reaction

Question 30

In an enzymatic reaction, the reaction mixture usually consists of [3]

Answer 30

substrate enzyme cofactor (if any).

Question 30

Example of enzymatic rxn: glucose isomerase reacts only on glucose to produce

Answer 30

fructose

Question 31

In a _________, one substrate _______ present in the medium can produce different products with the help of different microorganisms.

Answer 31

microbial reaction (carbon source)

Question 31

In special cases, the same microorganism can produce different products from the same substrate

Answer 31

microbial reaction

Question 32

Example of microbial rxn: Aspergillus niger produces ______ when the pH is allowed to change during the fermentation process, but it produces ______ when the pH is controlled at ______.

Answer 32

citric acid gluconic acid, 6