Lesson 5 Flashcards
(37 cards)
1
Q
- studies organisms, including plants, animals and micro-organisms, and classifies them into groups.
A
Taxonomists
2
Q
- focuses on the features of the species in order to determine which taxonomic group the species belong to
A
Classifications
3
Q
- focuses on the common ancestor/evolutionary origin of the species to determine which is the most recent common ancestor of the taxonomic group.
A
Systematization
4
Q
Designed the hierarchical classification system we still use today
A
Carolus Linnaeus
5
Q
- major groups of organisms
- can be subdivided into superclass, suborder, etc.
A
Taxa
6
Q
- includes two part scientific name
- system that Carolus Linnaeus developed
A
Binomial nomenclature
7
Q
- evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
A
Phylogeny
8
Q
- inferred by identifying organismal features, characters, that vary among species
A
Phylogenies
9
Q
- phylogenic characters
A
M.C.M.B or E. H
10
Q
- give valuable information which helps taxonomists to a great extent. (Physical characteristics)
A
Morphological Characteristic
11
Q
- 2nd characteristics in phylogenies
A
Chromosomal characteristics
12
Q
- 3rd characteristics of phylogenies
A
Molecular characteristics
13
Q
- the features that define the relationships that exist between living organisms and their physical environment in a defined space
A
Behavioural or ecological characteristics
14
Q
- last characteristics of phylogenies
A
Homology
15
Q
- shared characters that result from common ancenstry
A
Homologous characters
16
Q
- also called convergent evolution
A
Homoplasy
17
Q
- are shared characteristics that are not a result of common ancestry
- they are not homologous
A
Homoplasies
18
Q
- occurs when natural selection produces similar (analogous) adaptations in organisms from different evolutionary lineages
A
Convergent evolution
19
Q
- homologous structure that is older than the branching of a particular clade
- shared by more than just the taxon trying to be defined
A
Shared primitive character
20
Q
- a new evolutionary feature, unique to a particular group
A
Shared derived character
21
Q
- form of the character that was present in the common ancestor of the group
A
Ancestral character state
22
Q
- variations of the character that arose are called ______.
A
Derived character states
23
Q
- determined using outgroup comparison
A
Polarity
24
Q
- closely related, but not part of the group being examined
A
Outgroup
25
- one that is found in both the study group and out group
Ancestral character
26
- groups that are found in the study groups but not in the out groups
Derived character
27
- group that share derived characters and form a subset within a larger group
- a unit of common evolutionary descent
Clade
28
- derive character that is shared by all the members of the clade
Synamorphy
29
- the ancestral character states for a taxon
Plesiomorphic
30
- shared ancestral characters
- do not provide useful information for forming a nested series of clades
Symplesiomorphies/cs
31
- hierarchy of clades can be shown as a _____ that is based on synapomorphies
Cladogram
32
- consists of the ancestors species and all its descendants
Monophylic
33
- consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of the descendants
Paraphyletic
34
- a clade that includes many species that lack a common ancestor
Polyphyletic
35
- also called phylogenetic systematics
- taxonomic theory that is based on cladograms
Cladistics
36
- based on common descent in the amount of evolutionary change to rank higher taxa
- sometimes this type of classification includes paraphyletic groupings
Evolutionary taxonomy
37
- a pair of taxa that are most closely related to each other
Sister groups
