lesson 5

Question 1

does all radiation produce biological tissue damage

Answer 1

no

Question 2

natural radiation sources

Answer 2

terrestrial, cosmic, internal radiation for radioactive atoms (radionuclides)

Question 3

manmade radiation sources

Answer 3

consumer products
air travel
nuclear fuel
atmospheric fallout from nuclear weapons
nuclear power plant accidents

Question 4

what are the three different types of radiation

Answer 4

medical
manmade
natural

Question 5

two largest sources of medical radiation

Answer 5

diagnostic medical x-ray
nuclear medicine procedures

Question 6

what is BERT

Answer 6

background equivalent radiation time

Question 7

what is the chest bert

Answer 7

10 days (0.08 mSv)

Question 8

what is L-spine bert

Answer 8

1.5 years (3.0 mSv)

Question 9

what is pelvis bert

Answer 9

4 months (0.4 mSv)

Question 10

what is abdomen bert

Answer 10

4 months (0.7 mSv)

Question 11

2 categoriges of ionizing radiation

Answer 11

electromagnetic and particulate

Question 12

what does ionization mean

Answer 12

conversion of atoms to ions

Question 13

how are electromagnetic waves charectorized by

Answer 13

frequency and wavelength

Question 14

what does electromagnetic radiation use

Answer 14

x-rays and gamma rays called protons, travels in a form of a wave but interacts with matter as a particle of energy

Question 15

what does particulate radiation use

Answer 15

alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, and protons. all ejected from subatomic particles at high speeds

Question 16

aplha particles charectoristics

Answer 16

emitted from nuclei of heavy elements (uranium, plutonium) and contain two proton and two nuetrons and a large mass

Question 17

how are alpha particles damaging

Answer 17

when emitted from a radioisotope in the body get absorbed into epithelial tissue

Question 18

beta particles characteristics

Answer 18

8000 times lighter than alpha particles, identicle to an electron except its origin, capable of penetrating matter deeper than aplha with less ionization

Question 19

least to most penetrating

Answer 19

alpha
beta
gamma and x-ray
neutron rays

Question 20

what are the two types of x-ray radiation

Answer 20

charactoristic and bremsstahlung

Question 21

radiation exposure

Answer 21

radiation travelling through air
charge produces in a unit mass of air (kg of air by the x-ray beam)
photons less than 3 MeV (not particulate)

Question 22

radiation dose

Answer 22

energy absorbed within an object/medium

Question 23

radiation exposure units

Answer 23

si - C/kg
conventional - R or mR
conversion 1R=2.58 x 10 ^-4 C/kg

Question 24

KERMA

Answer 24

used to express how much energy is transferred from x-ray to air, kinetic energy released in air
SI unit- Gy=J/kg

Question 25

Dose area product

Answer 25

estimation of total amount of energy dilvered to a patient at entrance surface during an exposure, sum of air karma over exposed surface area expressed in Gy-cm^2

Question 26

absorbed dose

Answer 26

measured amount of energy that is given to a medium SI - J/kg, Gy

Question 27

equivalent dose

Answer 27

product of absorbed dose in a tissue/ organ and its radiation weighting factor to see biological damage effects

Question 28

effective dose

Answer 28

patients absorbed dose but takes into consideration patients absorbed dose and biologival tissue radiosensitivities