Lesson 5

Question 1

What is the basic unit of heredity in animals?

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

True or False: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The observable traits of an organism are known as its __________.

Answer 3

Phenotype

Question 4

What type of genetic cross involves parents that differ in only one trait?

Answer 4

Monohybrid cross

Question 5

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a homozygous genotype? A) AA B) Aa C) aa

Answer 5

A) AA

Question 6

What is the term for an alternative form of a gene?

Answer 6

Allele

Question 7

True or False: A recessive allele can express itself in the phenotype only when paired with another recessive allele.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?

Answer 8

Genotype

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called __________.

Answer 9

Transcription

Question 10

Multiple choice: What type of inheritance pattern is shown when both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype? A) Incomplete dominance B) Codominance C) Complete dominance

Answer 10

B) Codominance

Question 11

What is a genetic disorder caused by a single gene mutation called?

Answer 11

Monogenic disorder

Question 12

True or False: Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 13

They translate mRNA into proteins.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics is known as __________.

Answer 14

Genetics

Question 15

Multiple choice: Which of the following processes leads to genetic variation? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Binary fission

Answer 15

B) Meiosis

Question 16

What is the term for the physical location of a gene on a chromosome?

Answer 16

Locus

Question 17

True or False: Polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the probability of producing a homozygous recessive offspring from two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa)?

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an individual can be described as __________ if it has two different alleles for a trait.

Answer 19

Heterozygous

Question 20

Multiple choice: What is the main function of DNA polymerase? A) To synthesize RNA B) To replicate DNA C) To repair DNA

Answer 20

B) To replicate DNA

Question 21

What is the phenomenon where one gene affects the expression of another gene called?

Answer 21

Epistasis

Question 22

True or False: All mutations are harmful to an organism.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What is the term for a cell that has two sets of chromosomes?

Answer 23

Diploid

Question 24

Fill in the blank: __________ is the genetic engineering technique used to alter an organism’s DNA.

Answer 24

CRISPR

Question 25

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) cRNA

Answer 25

C) cRNA

Question 26

What is the term for the study of the entire set of genes in an organism?

Answer 26

Genomics

Question 27

True or False: Genetic drift can lead to changes in allele frequencies in a population.

Answer 27

True