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work imm > Lesson 5: Basic First Aid > Flashcards

Lesson 5: Basic First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

● Immediate help provided to a sick person until professional medical help arrives or becomes available.
● A way of preparing individuals to respond to emergency sit quickly.
● Adminestering fist aid tech before med help arrives.
● Initial assistance or treatment given to person

A

First aid

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2
Q

True or false

First aid preserves life and prevent further harm and complications

A

True

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3
Q

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

Evaluating the scene accurately is one of the most important factors in the management of an incident and maintaining calm

A

Assesing situation

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4
Q

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

Once area has been made safe, use primary survey to quickly carry out an initial assessment of the casualty to establish treatment priorities.

A
  • Giving emergency help
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5
Q

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

State that you have first aid training and there are no medical personnel in attendance, calmly take charge

A

Assesing situation

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6
Q

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

If possible, treat casualties in the position in which you find them; move them only if they are in immediate danger or if it is necessary in order to provide life-saving treatment.

A

Giving emergency help

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7
Q

In assesing situatuion there are 3s to consider

A

Safety, Scene, Situation

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8
Q

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

Usually, specialist help and equipment is required for this. When approaching a casualty, make sure you protect yourself: wear high visibility clothing, gloves, and head protection if you have them.

A

Making an area safe

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9
Q

The 6 qualities of a good first aider

A

Gentle
Obesvant
Resourceful
Tactful
Empathic
Careful

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10
Q

A good first aider is _____ to minimize pain

A

gentle

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11
Q

A good first aider _____ other possible injuries

A

observe

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12
Q

A good first aider make use of hand, or other things in his/her surroundings

A

Resourceful

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13
Q

A good first aider should be caring, putting yourself into patient/victim condition

A

Empathic

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14
Q

A good first aider is ______ not to add injury or pain for the victim/patient.

A

careful

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15
Q

How to protect self and patient from infection?

A

● Use PPE – (gloves, mask, goggles)
● Proper handwashing is the single most e ective way of eliminating acquiring/passing on di erent diseases.

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16
Q

set of strategies to avoid spread of blood borne pathogens.

A

Universal precautions

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17
Q

● A break in the skin or internal body surfaces
● Can be daunting, particularly if there is a lot of bleeding, but prompt action reduces the amount of blood loss and minimizes shock

A

wound

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18
Q

outer layer of skin is intact and damage lies below surface

A

close wound

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19
Q

outer layer of skin is broken. Can be minor as a scrape or as severe as adeep penetration.

A

open wound

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20
Q

first aid for closed wound

A

● ice pack
● Elevate injured part
● do not assume all closed
wounds are minor injuries
● help person to rest
● Provide comfort and reassure
the person

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21
Q

● clean surface cut from a
sharp edged object such as a
razor.
● Do not consider as minor.
● Blood vessels are cut straight
across, so bleeding may be
profuse.
● Structures such as nerves or
tendons may be damaged.

A

simple laceration

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22
Q

● Blunt or ripping forces results in tears or lacerations
● May bleed less than surface cuts, but there may be deep tissue damage
● Often contaminated with germs = high risk of infection

A

complex laceration

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23
Q

● Superficial wound in which
the topmost layers of skin are scraped o ff, leaving a raw, tender area.
● Often caused by sliding fall or a friction burn
● Can contain embedded foreign particles that may cause infection.

A

abrasion

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24
Q

● More on closed wound
● Blunt blow can rupture
capillaries beneath skin, causing blood to leak into tissues = bruising
● Extensive contusion and swelling may indivate damage, such fracture or injury as deeper as an internal wound

A

contusion

25
Q

● Standing on a nail or being pricked by a needle
● Small entry site but a deep track of internal damage
● Germs and dirt can be carried far into body = high risk of infection

A

puncture wound

26
Q

● Deep incision caused by a
long or bladed instrument, usually a knife, penetrating the body
● Stab wounds in the trunk must always be treated seriously because of the danger of injury to vital organs and life-threatening internal bleeding.

A

stab wound

27
Q

● Caused by a bullet or missile being driven into the body, causing serious internal injury as well as infection caused by clothing and contaminants from air being sucked into the wound
● Important to know number of wounds

A

gunshot wound

28
Q

first aid for open wounds

A

CONTROL
● apply pressure
● Use clean cloth
CLEAN
● Use soap and water
COVER
● with sterile gauze or bandage CONSULT PHYSICIAN
● Wound may need sutures, medicine, or fluid

29
Q

● Flames
● contact with hot objects, such as domestic appliances or cigarettes

A

dry burn

30
Q

● Steam
●Hot liquids, such as tea and coffee, or hot oil

A

Scald

31
Q

● Low-voltage current, as used by domestic appliances
●High-voltage currents, as carried in overheard or underground cables
●lightning strikes

A

electrical burn

32
Q

●sunburn
●overexposure to ultraviolet rays from a sunlamp
●exposure to a radioactive source, such as an x-ray

A

radiation burn

33
Q

● industrial chemicals, including inhaled fumes and corrosive gases
●domestic chemicals and agents such as paint stripper, caustic soda, bleach, oven cleaner, or any other strong acid aor alkali chemical

A

chemical burn

34
Q

● frostbite
● contact with freezing metals
● contact with freezing vapors, such as liquid oxugen or liquid nitrogen

A

cold injury

35
Q

are classified as depth of skin damage

A

burns

36
Q

● Involves only the outermost
layer of skin (epidermis). Usually heals well when first aid is given promptly and if blisters do not form
● Sunburn is most common as well as minor domestic incidence

A

Superficial burn: first degree

37
Q

aid for superficial burn: first degree

A

● Soak wound in cool water fro 5 minutes or longer
● Take acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain relief
● Apply lidocaine (anesthetic) with aloe vera gel or cream
to soothe skin
● Use antibiotic ointment of gauze to protect a ected
area/s

38
Q

● Very painful
● Destroy epidermis and cause
skin to become red and
blistered
● Usually heal well, but a ect more than 20% of the body in an adult and 10% in a child
● Can be life threatening

A

Partial-thickness burn: second degree

39
Q

aid for partial-thickness burn

A

● Run the skin under cool water for 15 minutes or longer
● Take otc pain medication (acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
● Apply antibiotic cream to blisters
● So not pick blisters

40
Q

● Pain sensation is lost (masks
the severity of the injury)
● Skin may look waxy, pale, or
charred and needs urgent medical attention

A

Full-thickness burn: third degree

41
Q

aid for full-thickness burn: third degree

A

●More intensive treatments such as intravenous (IV) antibiotics to prevent infection
●IV fluids to replace fluids lost when skin was burned
●Skin grafting or synthetic skin

42
Q

Bleeding from the nose most commonly occurs when tiny blood vessels inside the nostrils are ruptured, either by a blow to the nose, as a result of sneezing, picking, or blowing nose

A

nosebleed

43
Q

Fill in the blank
Aid for nosebleed
● Tell the casualty to sit down and tilt his head ______ to allow the blood to drain from the nostrils
● Advise the casualty not to speak, swallow, cough, spit, or sni since this may disturb blood clots that have formed in the nose. Give him a _____________ to mop up any dribbling.
● After ten minutes, tell the casualty to release the pressure. If the bleeding has not stopped, tell him to reapply the pressure for two further periods of ___ minutes
● If bleeding stops and then restarts, help the casualty reapply _______.
● If the nosebleed is severe, or if it lasts longer than 30 minutes, arrange to take or send the casualty to the _____.

A
  • forward
  • clean cloth or tissue
  • ten
  • pressure
  • hospital
44
Q

● Is a condition that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is long enough to cause damage.
● May be caused by blood clots or hypertension

A

stroke

45
Q

aid for stroke

A
  • Check the patient ABC
  • Have the patient rest in a comfortable position.
  • Seek immediately medical help.
  • Do not give anything by mouth.
  • If the patient become unconscious, turn on his side.
  • Continue monitor ABC
  • Care for shock.
  • supine position
  • elevate lower extremeties
  • modified trendelenburg position
46
Q

● Sudden involuntary muscle contraction due to uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain caused by di erent conditions
● First convulsive attack
● Series of seizures: epilepsy
● Can be attributed to a lot of
neurological conditions

A

seizure

47
Q

most common seizure, muscle contractions are very prominent

A

grand mal seizure

48
Q

● Lung disease in which there is intermittent narrowing of the bronchi (airways), causing shortness of breath, wheezing, and cough.
● Formerly under COPD ( Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
● Wheezing during expiration as well
as cough
● Can be triggered by exposure to
allergens, sudden change in weather,
emotional outburst or anxiet
● Genetically transmitted
● Episodes or remissions and exacerbations
● Keep in midn to bring meds and comply to prescribed medications

A

asthma

49
Q

Fill in the blanks
AID:
● Never in ______ position
● Keep calm and reassure the
casualty. Get her to take her usual dose of her inhaler; use a spacer if she has one. Ask her to breathe _____ and ______
● Sit her down in the position she finds most comfortable; do not let her _______. Never in supine position.
● A ______should ease in a few minutes. If it does not, ask the casualty to take another dose trom her inhaler.
● Call for emergency help if the attack is severe and any of the following occur: the inhaler has no e ect, the casualty is getting worse, breathlessness makes talking hard, she becomes exhausted.
● Help the casualty use her _____ as required.
● Monitor her ________ of response breathing, and pulse

A
  • supine
  • slowly and deeply
  • lie down
  • mild attack
  • inhaler
    vital signs
50
Q

● Blood sugar level falls below normal.
Characterized by rapidly
deteriorating level of response.
● May lead to comatose if not treated
● Most common reason is not eating, especially when patient has diabetes
● normal : 70mg/dL to 110mg/dL
● May experience tachycardia, may appear irritable or grumpy, restlessness, hunger, sweaty, cold clam skin, tremors, shaking of hands

A

hypoglycemia

51
Q

● Break or crack in a bone
● Considerable force is needed to break a bone unless it is diseased or old

A

fracture

52
Q

● Bone is exposed at the surface where it breaks the skin. The casualty may su er bleeding and shock.
● Infection is a risk.
● One of the broken bone ends may pierce the skin surface, or there may
be a wound at the fracture site. ● High risk of becoming infected.

A

open fracture

53
Q

Fill in the blanks
Aid for open fracture
1. Cover the wound with a _____ dressing or large, clean, non-flu y pad.
2. Carefully place a sterile wound dressing or more clean padding ____ and around the first dressing.
3. Secure the dressing and padding with a _______.
4. ________ the injured part as for a closed fracture, and arrange to transport the
casualty to hospital.
5. Treat the casualty for shock

A
  1. sterile
  2. over
  3. bandage
  4. immobilize
54
Q

● The skin is not broken, although the bone ends may damage nearby tissues and blood vessels.
● Internal bleeding is a risk.
● Skin around the fracture is intact.
● Bones may be displaced (unstable) causing internal bleeding and the casualty may develop shock

A

closed fracture

55
Q

Fill in the blanks
Aid for closed fracture
AID:
1. Advise the casualty to keep ____
2. Place ______ around the injury for extra support.
3. For firmer support and/or if removal to hospital is likely to be delayed, secure the injured part to an una ected part of the body. For upper limb fractures, immobilize the arm with a sling
4. Treat for shock

A
  1. still
  2. padding
56
Q

● Although the bone is fractured the ends of the injury remain in place. The risk of bleeding on further damage is minimal.
● A stable fracture occurs when the broken bone ends do not move because they are not completely broken or they are impacted.
● Such injuries are common at the wrist, shoulder, ankle and hip
● Usually, these fractures can be gently handled without further damage.

A

stable

57
Q

● Broken bone ends can easily be displaced by movement or muscle contraction.
● Broken bone ends can easily move. ● There is a risk that they may
damage blood vessels, nerves and
organs around the injury.
● Can occur if the bone is broken or the ligaments are torn (ruptured).
● They should be handled carefully to prevent further damage.

A

unstable

58
Q
A
59
Q
A

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