Lesson 5: Basic First Aid

Question 1

● Immediate help provided to a sick person until professional medical help arrives or becomes available.
● A way of preparing individuals to respond to emergency sit quickly.
● Adminestering fist aid tech before med help arrives.
● Initial assistance or treatment given to person

Answer 1

First aid

Question 2

True or false

First aid preserves life and prevent further harm and complications

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

Evaluating the scene accurately is one of the most important factors in the management of an incident and maintaining calm

Answer 3

Assesing situation

Question 4

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

Once area has been made safe, use primary survey to quickly carry out an initial assessment of the casualty to establish treatment priorities.

Answer 4

• Giving emergency help

Question 5

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

State that you have first aid training and there are no medical personnel in attendance, calmly take charge

Answer 5

Assesing situation

Question 6

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

If possible, treat casualties in the position in which you find them; move them only if they are in immediate danger or if it is necessary in order to provide life-saving treatment.

Answer 6

Giving emergency help

Question 7

In assesing situatuion there are 3s to consider

Answer 7

Safety, Scene, Situation

Question 8

Managing an incident
Choose from the ff:
- Assesing situation
- Making an area safe
- Giving emergency help

Usually, specialist help and equipment is required for this. When approaching a casualty, make sure you protect yourself: wear high visibility clothing, gloves, and head protection if you have them.

Answer 8

Making an area safe

Question 9

The 6 qualities of a good first aider

Answer 9

Gentle
Obesvant
Resourceful
Tactful
Empathic
Careful

Question 10

A good first aider is _____ to minimize pain

Answer 10

gentle

Question 11

A good first aider _____ other possible injuries

Answer 11

observe

Question 12

A good first aider make use of hand, or other things in his/her surroundings

Answer 12

Resourceful

Question 13

A good first aider should be caring, putting yourself into patient/victim condition

Answer 13

Empathic

Question 14

A good first aider is ______ not to add injury or pain for the victim/patient.

Answer 14

careful

Question 15

How to protect self and patient from infection?

Answer 15

● Use PPE – (gloves, mask, goggles)
● Proper handwashing is the single most e ective way of eliminating acquiring/passing on di erent diseases.

Question 16

set of strategies to avoid spread of blood borne pathogens.

Answer 16

Universal precautions

Question 17

● A break in the skin or internal body surfaces
● Can be daunting, particularly if there is a lot of bleeding, but prompt action reduces the amount of blood loss and minimizes shock

Answer 17

wound

Question 18

outer layer of skin is intact and damage lies below surface

Answer 18

close wound

Question 19

outer layer of skin is broken. Can be minor as a scrape or as severe as adeep penetration.

Answer 19

open wound

Question 20

first aid for closed wound

Answer 20

● ice pack
● Elevate injured part
● do not assume all closed
wounds are minor injuries
● help person to rest
● Provide comfort and reassure
the person

Question 21

● clean surface cut from a
sharp edged object such as a
razor.
● Do not consider as minor.
● Blood vessels are cut straight
across, so bleeding may be
profuse.
● Structures such as nerves or
tendons may be damaged.

Answer 21

simple laceration

Question 22

● Blunt or ripping forces results in tears or lacerations
● May bleed less than surface cuts, but there may be deep tissue damage
● Often contaminated with germs = high risk of infection

Answer 22

complex laceration

Question 23

● Superficial wound in which
the topmost layers of skin are scraped o ff, leaving a raw, tender area.
● Often caused by sliding fall or a friction burn
● Can contain embedded foreign particles that may cause infection.

Answer 23

abrasion

Question 24

● More on closed wound
● Blunt blow can rupture
capillaries beneath skin, causing blood to leak into tissues = bruising
● Extensive contusion and swelling may indivate damage, such fracture or injury as deeper as an internal wound

Answer 24

contusion

Question 25

● Standing on a nail or being pricked by a needle ● Small entry site but a deep track of internal damage ● Germs and dirt can be carried far into body = high risk of infection

Answer 25

puncture wound

Question 26

● Deep incision caused by a long or bladed instrument, usually a knife, penetrating the body ● Stab wounds in the trunk must always be treated seriously because of the danger of injury to vital organs and life-threatening internal bleeding.

Answer 26

stab wound

Question 27

● Caused by a bullet or missile being driven into the body, causing serious internal injury as well as infection caused by clothing and contaminants from air being sucked into the wound ● Important to know number of wounds

Answer 27

gunshot wound

Question 28

first aid for open wounds

Answer 28

CONTROL ● apply pressure ● Use clean cloth CLEAN ● Use soap and water COVER ● with sterile gauze or bandage CONSULT PHYSICIAN ● Wound may need sutures, medicine, or fluid

Question 29

● Flames ● contact with hot objects, such as domestic appliances or cigarettes

Answer 29

dry burn

Question 30

● Steam ●Hot liquids, such as tea and coffee, or hot oil

Answer 30

Scald

Question 31

● Low-voltage current, as used by domestic appliances ●High-voltage currents, as carried in overheard or underground cables ●lightning strikes

Answer 31

electrical burn

Question 32

●sunburn ●overexposure to ultraviolet rays from a sunlamp ●exposure to a radioactive source, such as an x-ray

Answer 32

radiation burn

Question 33

● industrial chemicals, including inhaled fumes and corrosive gases ●domestic chemicals and agents such as paint stripper, caustic soda, bleach, oven cleaner, or any other strong acid aor alkali chemical

Answer 33

chemical burn

Question 34

● frostbite ● contact with freezing metals ● contact with freezing vapors, such as liquid oxugen or liquid nitrogen

Answer 34

cold injury

Question 35

are classified as depth of skin damage

Answer 35

burns

Question 36

● Involves only the outermost layer of skin (epidermis). Usually heals well when first aid is given promptly and if blisters do not form ● Sunburn is most common as well as minor domestic incidence

Answer 36

Superficial burn: first degree

Question 37

aid for superficial burn: first degree

Answer 37

● Soak wound in cool water fro 5 minutes or longer ● Take acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain relief ● Apply lidocaine (anesthetic) with aloe vera gel or cream to soothe skin ● Use antibiotic ointment of gauze to protect aected area/s

Question 38

● Very painful ● Destroy epidermis and cause skin to become red and blistered ● Usually heal well, but aect more than 20% of the body in an adult and 10% in a child ● Can be life threatening

Answer 38

Partial-thickness burn: second degree

Question 39

aid for partial-thickness burn

Answer 39

● Run the skin under cool water for 15 minutes or longer ● Take otc pain medication (acetaminophen or ibuprofen) ● Apply antibiotic cream to blisters ● So not pick blisters

Question 40

● Pain sensation is lost (masks the severity of the injury) ● Skin may look waxy, pale, or charred and needs urgent medical attention

Answer 40

Full-thickness burn: third degree

Question 41

aid for full-thickness burn: third degree

Answer 41

●More intensive treatments such as intravenous (IV) antibiotics to prevent infection ●IV fluids to replace fluids lost when skin was burned ●Skin grafting or synthetic skin

Question 42

Bleeding from the nose most commonly occurs when tiny blood vessels inside the nostrils are ruptured, either by a blow to the nose, as a result of sneezing, picking, or blowing nose

Answer 42

nosebleed

Question 43

Fill in the blank Aid for nosebleed ● Tell the casualty to sit down and tilt his head ______ to allow the blood to drain from the nostrils ● Advise the casualty not to speak, swallow, cough, spit, or sni since this may disturb blood clots that have formed in the nose. Give him a _____________ to mop up any dribbling. ● After ten minutes, tell the casualty to release the pressure. If the bleeding has not stopped, tell him to reapply the pressure for two further periods of ___ minutes ● If bleeding stops and then restarts, help the casualty reapply _______. ● If the nosebleed is severe, or if it lasts longer than 30 minutes, arrange to take or send the casualty to the _____.

Answer 43

- forward - clean cloth or tissue - ten - pressure - hospital

Question 44

● Is a condition that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is long enough to cause damage. ● May be caused by blood clots or hypertension

Answer 44

stroke

Question 45

aid for stroke

Answer 45

- Check the patient ABC - Have the patient rest in a comfortable position. - Seek immediately medical help. - Do not give anything by mouth. - If the patient become unconscious, turn on his side. - Continue monitor ABC - Care for shock. - supine position - elevate lower extremeties - modified trendelenburg position

Question 46

● Sudden involuntary muscle contraction due to uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain caused by dierent conditions ● First convulsive attack ● Series of seizures: epilepsy ● Can be attributed to a lot of neurological conditions

Answer 46

seizure

Question 47

most common seizure, muscle contractions are very prominent

Answer 47

grand mal seizure

Question 48

● Lung disease in which there is intermittent narrowing of the bronchi (airways), causing shortness of breath, wheezing, and cough. ● Formerly under COPD ( Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ● Wheezing during expiration as well as cough ● Can be triggered by exposure to allergens, sudden change in weather, emotional outburst or anxiet ● Genetically transmitted ● Episodes or remissions and exacerbations ● Keep in midn to bring meds and comply to prescribed medications

Answer 48

asthma

Question 49

Fill in the blanks AID: ● Never in ______ position ● Keep calm and reassure the casualty. Get her to take her usual dose of her inhaler; use a spacer if she has one. Ask her to breathe _____ and ______ ● Sit her down in the position she finds most comfortable; do not let her _______. Never in supine position. ● A ______should ease in a few minutes. If it does not, ask the casualty to take another dose trom her inhaler. ● Call for emergency help if the attack is severe and any of the following occur: the inhaler has no eect, the casualty is getting worse, breathlessness makes talking hard, she becomes exhausted. ● Help the casualty use her _____ as required. ● Monitor her ________ of response breathing, and pulse

Answer 49

- supine - slowly and deeply - lie down - mild attack - inhaler vital signs

Question 50

● Blood sugar level falls below normal. Characterized by rapidly deteriorating level of response. ● May lead to comatose if not treated ● Most common reason is not eating, especially when patient has diabetes ● normal : 70mg/dL to 110mg/dL ● May experience tachycardia, may appear irritable or grumpy, restlessness, hunger, sweaty, cold clam skin, tremors, shaking of hands

Answer 50

hypoglycemia

Question 51

● Break or crack in a bone ● Considerable force is needed to break a bone unless it is diseased or old

Answer 51

fracture

Question 52

● Bone is exposed at the surface where it breaks the skin. The casualty may suer bleeding and shock. ● Infection is a risk. ● One of the broken bone ends may pierce the skin surface, or there may be a wound at the fracture site. ● High risk of becoming infected.

Answer 52

open fracture

Question 53

Fill in the blanks Aid for open fracture 1. Cover the wound with a _____ dressing or large, clean, non-fluy pad. 2. Carefully place a sterile wound dressing or more clean padding ____ and around the first dressing. 3. Secure the dressing and padding with a _______. 4. ________ the injured part as for a closed fracture, and arrange to transport the casualty to hospital. 5. Treat the casualty for shock

Answer 53

1. sterile 2. over 3. bandage 4. immobilize

Question 54

● The skin is not broken, although the bone ends may damage nearby tissues and blood vessels. ● Internal bleeding is a risk. ● Skin around the fracture is intact. ● Bones may be displaced (unstable) causing internal bleeding and the casualty may develop shock

Answer 54

closed fracture

Question 55

Fill in the blanks Aid for closed fracture AID: 1. Advise the casualty to keep ____ 2. Place ______ around the injury for extra support. 3. For firmer support and/or if removal to hospital is likely to be delayed, secure the injured part to an unaected part of the body. For upper limb fractures, immobilize the arm with a sling 4. Treat for shock

Answer 55

1. still 2. padding

Question 56

● Although the bone is fractured the ends of the injury remain in place. The risk of bleeding on further damage is minimal. ● A stable fracture occurs when the broken bone ends do not move because they are not completely broken or they are impacted. ● Such injuries are common at the wrist, shoulder, ankle and hip ● Usually, these fractures can be gently handled without further damage.

Answer 56

stable

Question 57

● Broken bone ends can easily be displaced by movement or muscle contraction. ● Broken bone ends can easily move. ● There is a risk that they may damage blood vessels, nerves and organs around the injury. ● Can occur if the bone is broken or the ligaments are torn (ruptured). ● They should be handled carefully to prevent further damage.

Answer 57

unstable