Lesson 5 Circulatory Disturbances

Question 1

localized/generalized

Answer 1

edema, hyperemia, ishcemia, thrombosis, ebmolism, hemorrhage,

Question 2

dropsy; condition where there is excess tissue fluid present in the body; interstitial fluid

Answer 2

edema

Question 3

bathes and surrounds cells

Answer 3

interstitial fluid

Question 4

causes of edema

Answer 4

increased permeablilty of capillaries, increased capillary pressure due to venous obstruction/heart failure, inflammitory condition, fluid/electrolyte problems

Question 5

generalized edema, excess fluid scattered throughout the entire body

Answer 5

anasarca

Question 6

excess tissue fluid in abdominal cavity/peritoneal cavity

Answer 6

ascites

Question 7

excess fluid in thoracic cavity/pleural cavity; could accompany pneumonia

Answer 7

hydrothorax

Question 8

excess fluid in sac surrounding heart; chest xray shows enlarged heart

Answer 8

hydropericardium

Question 9

edema of sacculated cavity; scrotum

Answer 9

hydrocele

Question 10

excess fluid in cranial cavity; water on the brain

Answer 10

hydrocephalus

Question 11

congestion; excess blood shipped to body part/organ. first stage of inflammatory response

Answer 11

hyperemia

Question 12

excess blood shipped to a body part/organ due to increased functional demand; ex: blushing

Answer 12

physiological hyperemia

Question 13

excess blood in a body part/organ due to disease; ex: cyanosis

Answer 13

pathological hyperemia

Question 14

excess blood in a body part/organ brought by arteries; due to demand such as blushing/disease-inflammation

Answer 14

active hyperemia

Question 15

excess blood in a body part/organ due to venous obstruction due to disease; ex: deep vein thrombosis

Answer 15

passive hyperemia

Question 16

reduction in arterial blood supply to a body part/organ

Answer 16

ischemia

Question 17

fatty plaques starting to form in the arteries; more advanced state in disease which vessel sclerotic

Answer 17

ischemia causes

Question 18

could lead to dead tissue

Answer 18

ischemia effects

Question 19

process with presence of an attached blood clot/thrombis during life

Answer 19

thrombosis

Question 20

injuries to blood vessels, slower rate of blood flow due to blockages in vessels, alterations in blood composition, blood diseases

Answer 20

causes of thrombosis

Question 21

location of thrombi

Answer 21

arteries, veins-most common site, chambers in heart

Question 22

can fragment off and be shipped to other parts of body

Answer 22

changes of thromi

Question 23

consequences of thrombosis

Answer 23

ischemia- thrombis in an artery; passsive hyperemia- mast common, excess blood in body part/organ due to excess blood in a vein due to thrombosis; gangrene- clot in artery dies; infarction- attached blood clot to an artery, dead tissue due to interference with blood supply

Question 24

process by which there is a free floating object in blood stream present during life

Answer 24

embolism

Question 25

types of embolisms

Answer 25

fragments of thrombi-most common; bacteria- not natural to be in blood stream; tumors; animal parasites; fat cells; gas; foreign bodies

Question 26

consequences of embolisms

Answer 26

ischemia- shipped throughout artery; infarction- further consequence of ischemia in artery; spread of infection/neoplasm; necrosis

Question 27

localized area of dead tissue

Answer 27

necrosis

Question 28

bleeding; loss of blood from vascular system

Answer 28

hemorrhage

Question 29

loss of blood due to rupture of a blood vessel/heart

Answer 29

rhexis

Question 30

loss of blood by squeezing through the pores of capillaries

Answer 30

hemorrhage per diapedesis

Question 31

pin point hemorrhages; smallest of hemorrhages in terms of size throughout the body

Answer 31

petechia

Question 32

medium sized hemorrhage; bruise; ex: black eye

Answer 32

ecchymosis

Question 33

largest of hemorrhages; tumor like mass of loss blood

Answer 33

hematoma

Question 34

nose bleed

Answer 34

epistaxis

Question 35

blood in sputum

Answer 35

hemoptysis

Question 36

vomiting of blood

Answer 36

hematemisis

Question 37

blood in stool; cult blood lost from intestional tract

Answer 37

melena

Question 38

blood in thoracic cavity

Answer 38

hemothorax

Question 39

blood in peritoneum/abdominal cavity

Answer 39

hemoperitoneum

Question 40

blood in urine; problem with kidneys

Answer 40

hematuria

Question 41

blood within sac surrounding heart

Answer 41

hemopericardium

Question 42

loss of blood to the point life cant be sustained; bleeding out

Answer 42

exsanguination

Question 43

infinity for blood; bleeders disease

Answer 43

hemophilia

Question 44

causes of hemorrhages

Answer 44

trauma, vascular disease, hypertenstion, blood diseases

Question 45

post mortem conditions

Answer 45

diminished circulation, absecesses, hemorrhages, emaciation/dehydration, rapid decomp, discolorations

Question 46

due to infarction and ischemia

Answer 46

diminished circulation

Question 47

rate of force would cause pieces to come off clot

Answer 47

abscesses

Question 48

can be intravascular and extravascular

Answer 48

discolorations