Lesson 5- CNS

Question 1

What is a nerve fiber

Answer 1

axon or dendrite

Question 2

What does a nerve consist of?

Answer 2

bundle of nerve fibers in the PNS

Question 3

What is a nerve tract?

Answer 3

bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS

Question 4

What does gray matter consist of?

Answer 4

unmyelinated neurons (cell bodies dendrites, and axon terminals) & neuroglia in the CNS

Question 5

nuclei?

ganglia?

Answer 5

clusters of cell bodies in the CNS

clusters of cell bodies in the PNS (except the basal ganglia, which are called basal nuclei)

Question 6

What are vesicles?

Answer 6

fluid filled cavities in the brain formed during early development

The tissues that form the vessicles divide to become various components of the brain

Question 7

what are ventricles?

Answer 7

interconnected cavities in the mature brain that originate from the fluid-filled vesicles.

Question 8

what does circulating fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) do?

Answer 8

provides nourishment for nervous tissue- located in the ventricles.

Question 9

What two components does the nervous system consist of?

Answer 9

CNS- brain and spinal cord

PNS-nerves outside the CNS

Question 10

What are the 4 parts of the brain?

Answer 10

Cerebrum (forebrain
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Cerebellum (hindbrain)

Question 11

Cerebrum functions

Composed of how many lobes?

Answer 11

involved in higher brain functions (thinking)

largest part and most visible

frontal, perietal, the temporal, and the occiptal lobes

Question 12

diencephalon connects what to the brain stem?

Answer 12

cerebrum

Question 13

What major regions make up the diencephalon?

Answer 13

thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and epithalamus

Question 14

The thalamus is a relay station for what?

Answer 14

sensory nerve impulses traveling from the spinal cord to the cerebru,

Question 15

The thalamus is responsible for pacing what rhythmic activity?

Answer 15

EEG activity- such as alpha waves and sleep spindles

Question 16

The thalamus plays a role in evaluating what sensations?

Answer 16

pain, pressure, and temperature.

Question 17

The epithalamus contains what gland?

Answer 17

the pineal gland

Question 18

What does the pineal gland secrete?

Answer 18

melatonin- which is the hormone that helps regulate the biological clock (sleep wake cycles)

Question 19

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 19

It controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates emotion, behavior, hunger, thirst, body temperature, and the biological clock.

Question 20

The brainstem connects the diencephalon to what?

What does the brainstem contain?

Answer 20

The spinal cord

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Question 21

What centers does the midbrain contain?

Answer 21

auditory and visual reflex centers

Question 22

The pons is the bulging region in the middle of where?

Answer 22

The brain stem

Question 23

The pons serves as a neural transmission station to the cerebellum and controls what?

Answer 23

facial movements and sensations

Question 24

The pons is involved in the control of REM sleep and what?

Answer 24

respiration

Question 25

The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the brainstem that merges with the spinal cord at what?

Answer 25

foramen magnum

Question 26

The medulla oblongata assists in controlling what actions?

Answer 26

circulation, breathing, yawning, coughing, sneezing, gagging, and many other involuntary actions

Question 27

The cerebellum controls coordination, balance, and voluntary movement by doing what?

Answer 27

comparing actual skeletal movements to the movement that was intended.

Question 28

What layers is the brain composed of?

Answer 28

meninges and the cortex

Question 29

The meninges are protective coverings of the brain (cranial meninges) and spinal cord (spinal meninges), composed of what (from the outside in)

Answer 29

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater.

Question 30

Dura mater is the tough outer layer lying just inside where?

Answer 30

the skull and vertebrae

Question 31

The arachnoid is the middle what?

Answer 31

meninx (singular form of meninges)

Question 32

The pia mater is the innermost what?

Answer 32

meninx layer

Question 33

The cortex (gray matter) is divided into what?

Answer 33

hemispheres, left and right.

Question 34

The hemispheres of the cortex (gray matter) are connected by what?

Answer 34

corpus callosum

Question 35

The cerebrum is divided into what lobes?

Answer 35

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 36

The frontal lobe (in front) is responsible for what?

Answer 36

foresight, judgement, personality, and several motor functions.

Question 37

The parietal lobe (top sides) give us appreciation of?

Answer 37

quality, shape, size, sensations of pain, temperature, and touch as well as speech.

Question 38

The occipital lobe (in back) is primary involved with?

Answer 38

vision

Question 39

The temporal lobe (bottom sides) is responsible for ?

Answer 39

short term memory, smell, and hearing.

Question 40

The outer cortical surface is covered with convoluted fissures called?

Answer 40

sulci

Question 41

The elevations around the sulci are called?

Answer 41

gyri

Question 42

Inside the brain, there are four internal chambers called?

Answer 42

ventricles

Question 43

The brain and spinal cord are bathed in?

Answer 43

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 44

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is manufactured by the what?

Answer 44

choroid plexuses located within each ventricle.

Question 45

CSF provides what functions?

Answer 45

absorbs physical shocks to the brain, distributes nutritive materials to and removes wastes from nervous tissues, provides a chemically stable environment.

Question 46

On either side of the third ventricle are clusters of nuclei that compose what?

Answer 46

thalamus

Question 47

The thalamus is involved in what?

Answer 47

sensory perception

Question 48

Below the thalamus is what

Answer 48

the hypothalamus

Question 49

Beneath the cortex is the central white matter composed of three types of fibers. What are those fibers?

Answer 49

projection fibers, commissural fibers, and association fibers.

Question 50

Projection fibers connect the cerebrum to what?

Answer 50

The spinal cord

Question 51

Commissural fibers connect gyri within what

Answer 51

hemispheres

Question 52

Association fibers connect what

Answer 52

cerebral hemispheres