Lesson 5-How effective were the Red Guards in carrying out the revolution?

Question 1

Reuters

Answer 1

An international news agency

Question 2

What are decadent tendencies?

Answer 2

Clinging to bourgeois values, the most obvious examples being the wearing of Western-style clothes jewellery or make-up.

Question 3

Brainwashing.

Answer 3

Using a combination of physical torture and psychological coercion to disorientate victims so that they become very susceptible to suggestion and direction.

Question 4

What are the Stalin purges?

Answer 4

During his leadership of the USSR between 1929-53, Stalin had introduced a series of fierce purges to crush opposition.

Question 5

What was the Forbidden City?

Answer 5

Beijing’s greatest monument-a spacious walled inner city that had been home and court of emperors between 1368-1911.

Question 6

5 main aims of the Cultural Revolution.

Answer 6

1. Revitalise the young
2. Permanent revolution
3. Attack on individuals/enemies within the party
4. Reaction to soviets
5. Attack on bureaucracy and intellectuals

Question 7

Why was a permanent revolution one of the main aims of the CR?

Answer 7

Mao believed that revolution should be an ongoing process wherein bourgeoisie and reactionary tendencies should be rooted out.

Question 8

Why was revitalising the young one of the main aims of the CR?

Answer 8

Mao believed younger people in China had yet to be tested and must be revolutionised as a new force.

Question 9

Why was the main aim of the CR to provide a reaction to the Soviets?

Answer 9

Within Russia, the de-stalinisation process and the criticism of Khrushchev’s hare-brained economic schemes concerned Mao

Question 10

Why was one of the main aims of the CR to attack bureaucrats and intellectuals?

Answer 10

Mao wanted the Chinese revolution to remain a peasant revolution and not become run by brueaucrats.

Question 11

Why was one of the main aims of the CR to attack individual/enemies within the party?

Answer 11

Mao was angry at the Capitalist road taken by rightists in the party e.g., by Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping

Question 12

What methods of terror did the Red Guards use?

Answer 12

1. Attacks on the Western appearance
2. Attack on Western fashions and luxuries
3. Public struggle sessions against elders and officials
4. Attacks on religious buildings
5. Cultural vandalism
6. Attacks on old ideas and literature