Lesson 6

Question 1

comes from the Greek “arkhitekton”, which is a combination of the word “arkhi”, meaning chief or master, and “tekton”, meaning mason or builder.

Answer 1

architecture

Question 2

The word architecture comes from the Greek __?__ which is a combination of the word __?__ meaning chief or master, and __?__ meaning mason or builder.

Answer 2

arkhitekton
arkhi
tekton

Question 3

The earliest surviving written work on architecture is Roman architect Marcus

Answer 3

Vitruvius’ “De architectura (Ten Books on Architecture)

Question 4

Vitruvius has written in his book that a good building must satisfy three main qualities, which are?

Answer 4

“firmitas” (firmness)
“utilitas” (function)
“venustas” (beauty)

Question 5

This is the oldest construction system. Two vertical posts on either end support a horizontal beam (called a lintel). Lintels may be made of wood, stone, steel or cement.

Answer 5

Post and lintel (post-and-beam)

Question 6

Wedge-shaped blocks (called “voussoirs”) arranged in a semi-circle buttress each other in place and are locked by a keystone, the last stone inserted at the top center.

Answer 6

Arch

Question 7

comprises one or more triangular units constructed with straight slender members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes.

Answer 7

Truss

Question 8

This system consists of a beam or slab extending beyond its supporting post. A ________ is formed with the free projecting ends of beams project from a wall.

Answer 8

Cantilever

Question 9

The first great civilization to emerge around the Mediterranean basin was that of Egypt. In addition to its own written language, religion and dynastic ruling class, it developed a unique style

Answer 9

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

Question 10

Meanwhile, in Mesopotamia and Persia, the Sumerian civilization was developing its own unique building - a type of stepped pyramid called a ziggurat. But in contrast to the pyramids of Egypt, ziggurats were not built as tombs but as man-made mountains

Answer 10

SUMERIAN ARCHITECTURE

Question 11

Towards the end of the Stone Age, ceremonial megaliths (structures built from large stones). Stones are arranged upright in the open, buried and roofed.

Answer 11

EARLY IRISH ARCHITECTURE

Question 12

About 600 BCE, inspired by the theory and practice of earlier Egyptian stone masons and builders, the Greeks set about replacing the wooden structures of their public buildings with stone structures

Answer 12

GREEK ARCHITECTURE

Question 13

were essentially practical people with a flair for engineering, construction and military matters. In their architecture, as in their art, they borrowed heavily from both the Etruscans and also the Greeks,

Answer 13

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

Question 14

continued the free-flowing tradition of Roman architecture, constructing a number of magnificent churches and religious buildings, during the era of early Christian art.

Answer 14

BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE

Question 15

is sometimes used to cover all immediate derivations of Roman architecture in the West, following the collapse of Rome until the flowering of the Gothic style in about 1200.

Answer 15

ROMANESQUE STYLE

Question 16

denotes a style of architecture and art that superseded Romanesque, from the mid-12th century to the mid-15th century. Coined originally as a term of abuse by Italian Renaissance artists,

Answer 16

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

Question 17

was catalyzed by the rediscovery of architectural styles and theories of Ancient Rome. At the same time, the Florentine architect had begun studying ancient Roman designs

Answer 17

RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

Question 18

can be seen as a more complex, more detailed, more elaborate, more ornamented form of Renaissance architecture. More swirls, more complex manipulation of light, color, texture and perspective.

Answer 18

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

Question 19

was really concerned with interior design. This was because it emerged and remained centered in France, where rich patrons were unwilling to rebuild houses and chateaux, preferring instead to remodel their interiors.

Answer 19

ROCOCO ARCHITECTURE

Question 20

has been dominated by the use of new technologies, building techniques and construction materials.

Answer 20

20TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

Question 21

is a reflection of the history and heritage of the country. The most prominent historic constructions in the archipelago are from the Spanish Colonial period,

Answer 21

The architecture of the Philippines

Question 22

The pre-colonial architecture of the Philippines consisted of the __?__ made from natural materials but there are some traces of large-scale construction before the Spanish colonizers came

Answer 22

“Nipa” hut

Question 23

During three hundred years of Spanish colonialism the Philippine architecture was dominated by the Spanish culture.

Answer 23

Intramuros the walled city, of Manila

Question 24

friars built a large number of grand churches all over the Philippine Islands. During this period the traditional Filipino ___?___ style for the large mansion emerged.

Answer 24

“Bahay na Bato”

Question 25

Philippine national artist for Architecture. He built the Arellano University building and several buildings in the University of the Philippines

Answer 25

Juan Nakpil

Question 26

he designed several buildings of Far Eastern University campus.

Answer 26

Pablo Antonio

Question 27

known for his works such as Manila’s Metropolitan Theater and Rizal Memorial sports Complex.

Answer 27

Juan Arellano

Question 28

build the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and Philippine International Convention Center (PICC).

Answer 28

Leandro V. Locsin

Question 29

the only Filipino to win the prestigious Glass Architectural Design Competition in Tokyo, Japan.

Answer 29

Juan Carlos Eugene Soler