LESSON 6

Question 1

is a crucial aspect of project management that ensures a project’s deliverables meet the required standards and satisfy stakeholder expectations.

Answer 1

Quality Management

Question 2

PMI

Answer 2

Project Management Institute

Question 3

PMBOK

Answer 3

Project Management Body of Knowledge

Question 4

High-quality construction practices reduce the likelihood of defects leading to accidents or structural failures.

Answer 4

Minimizing Defects

Question 5

Adhering to safety and building codes ensures the safety of workers and future occupants.

Answer 5

Compliance with Standards

Question 6

Proper quality management helps identify and mitigate potential risks early in the project.

Answer 6

Risk Mitigation

Question 7

Effective quality management reduces the need for rework, saving time and resources.

Answer 7

Preventing Rework

Question 8

Streamlined processes and efficient resource use lead to cost savings and improved project timelines.

Answer 8

Optimizing Processes

Question 9

Implementing quality management practices helps minimize material waste and operational redundancies.

Answer 9

Waste Reduction

Question 10

Consistently meeting quality standards ensures that the final product meets or exceeds client expectations.

Answer 10

Delivering High-Quality Results

Question 11

High-quality projects enhance the reputation of construction companies, leading to more business opportunities.

Answer 11

Building Reputation

Question 12

Satisfied clients are likelier to provide repeat business and positive referrals.

Answer 12

Client Satisfaction

Question 13

Ensuring all construction activities comply with local, national, and international regulations.

Answer 13

Regulatory Compliance

Question 14

introduced scientific management principles in the late 19th century, emphasizing efficiency and productivity, indirectly influencing quality management practices.

Answer 14

Frederick W. Taylor

Question 15

Proper quality management helps avoid legal disputes related to construction defects and non-compliance

Answer 15

Avoiding Legal Issues

Question 16

Maintaining thorough documentation of quality processes and inspections provides accountability and transparency.

Answer 16

Documentation and Accountability

Question 17

developed methods for statistical quality control, laying the groundwork for modern quality management. His work introduced control charts and the concept of process variation.

Answer 17

Walter Shewhart

Question 18

experiments in the late 1920s highlighted the impact of worker participation on productivity and quality, emphasizing the human aspect of quality management.

Answer 18

Hawthorne

Question 19

TQM

Answer 19

Total Quality Management

Question 19

introduced quality management principles to Japanese industries, which led to significant improvements in quality and productivity.

Answer 19

Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran

Question 20

The integration of digital tools and technologies, such as data analytics and automation, has revolutionized quality management, making processes more efficient and accurate.

Answer 20

Digital Transformation

Question 21

There is a growing emphasis on sustainable quality practices, ensuring that quality management also considers environmental and social impacts.

Answer 21

Sustainability

Question 22

focusing on waste reduction and process improvement, have become integral to modern quality management practices.

Answer 22

Lean and Six Sigma

Question 23

Gathering and analyzing customer requirements, regulatory standards, and industry benchmarks. Documenting these requirements to ensure all stakeholders understand and agree upon them

Answer 23

Identifying Quality Requirements

Question 24

is a comprehensive management approach that focuses on continuous improvement in all aspects of an organization. It involves all employees, from top management to frontline workers, in pursuing quality excellence. TQM emphasizes customer satisfaction, process optimization, and proactive problem- solving. Key principles include a strong customer focus, total employee involvement, process-centered thinking, and an integrated system approach.

Answer 24

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Question 25

is a crucial aspect of quality management that involves identifying the quality standards relevant to a project and determining how to meet those standards. It is the process of translating customer needs and requirements into specific, actionable quality objectives and guidelines for the project team.

Answer 25

Quality planning

Question 26

Creating a detailed plan that outlines the processes, resources, and activities needed to achieve the quality objectives. Including tools and techniques for quality assurance and quality control, such as checklists, flowcharts, and statistical methods.

Answer 26

Developing Quality Management Plans

Question 27

is a proactive process focused on ensuring that the processes used to manage and create deliverables are effective and efficient. It involves systematic activities and procedures designed to provide confidence that a product or service will meet specified quality standards and fulfill customer requirements.

Answer 27

Quality assurance (QA)

Question 28

QA emphasizes improving and standardizing processes to prevent defects and ensure consistent quality. It involves developing and implementing quality management plans, conducting audits, and performing process evaluations.

Answer 28

Process-Oriented

Question 29

QA is not a one-time activity but an ongoing effort to enhance processes and systems. Techniques such as Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma are often used to drive continuous improvement.

Answer 29

Continuous Improvement

Question 30

is a process through which a business ensures that its products or services meet specified quality standards and fulfill customer requirements.

Answer 30

Quality control

Question 31

Unlike quality control, which focuses on identifying and correcting defects in finished products, QA aims to prevent defects from occurring in the first place. This involves setting quality standards, training employees, and using tools like process mapping and statistical analysis.

Answer 31

Preventive Measures

Question 32

is focused on identifying defects in the final products and ensuring that these defects are corrected before the products reach the customer.

Answer 32

Quality control

Question 33

To detect defects and ensure that products meet quality standards. Includes visual inspections, functional testing, and statistical sampling.

Answer 33

Inspection and Testing

Question 34

To address and rectify any identified defects or non- conformities. Implementing changes in processes or materials to prevent the recurrence of defects.

Answer 34

Corrective Actions

Question 35

To ensure consistency and reliability in production processes. Establishing and adhering to standard operating procedures (SOPs) and quality benchmarks.

Answer 35

Standardization

Question 36

Identifies potential causes of a problem and categorizes them to find the root cause. The main problem is placed at the head of the fishbone, and potential causes are listed on the branches. Causes are typically grouped into People, Methods, Machines, Materials, Measurements, and Environment.

Answer 36

Cause-and-Effect Diagram Ishikawa/Fishbone Diagram

Question 37

Collects and analyzes data in a structured manner. A form is designed to record data in real-time at the location where the data is generated. It helps identify patterns and frequencies of problems. Example: Used to track the number of defects occurring in a production line over a week.

Answer 37

Check Sheet

Question 38

Monitors process variation over time and helps determine if a process is in control. Data points are plotted on a chart with a central line (average), upper control limit, and lower control limit. Points outside the control limits indicate a process that is out of control.

Answer 38

Control Chart

Question 39

Displays the frequency distribution of data, showing patterns of variation. Data is grouped into ranges (bins) and plotted as bars. The height of each bar represents the frequency of data points within that range. Example: Used to visualize the distribution of response times in a customer service center.

Answer 39

Histogram

Question 40

Highlights the most significant factors in a dataset, based on the Pareto principle (80/20 rule). Data is plotted as bars in descending order of frequency, with a cumulative percentage line. This helps identify the few causes that contribute to the majority of problems.

Answer 40

Pareto Chart

Question 41

Plots pairs of numerical data to identify relationships between variables. Each point on the scatter diagram represents a pair of values. The pattern of points can indicate the type and strength of the relationship (e.g., positive, negative, or no correlation). Example: Used to analyze the relationship between machine speed and defect rate.

Answer 41

Scatter Diagram

Question 42

Visualizes the steps in a process, helping to identify potential problem areas. A diagram that uses symbols to represent different actions or steps in a process. Arrows connect the steps to show the flow of the process. Example: Used to map out the customer order fulfillment process steps.

Answer 42

Flowchart