LESSON 6 Flashcards
1
Q
A complex process and can be deduced by a change in behain behavior
A
Learning
2
Q
Simplest kind of learning
A
Habituation
3
Q
A phenomenon that we know and we get use to what it is
A
Habituation
4
Q
A phenomenon that we know and we get use to what it is
A
Habituation
5
Q
Next level of learning
A
Associative Learning
6
Q
Kind of learning that has associations between a stimulus and a response
A
Associative Learning
7
Q
Kind of learning that has associations between a stimulus and a response
A
Associative Learning
8
Q
Kind of learning that is related to S-R theory
A
Associative Learning
9
Q
Kind of learning that is related to S-R theory
A
Associative Learning
10
Q
There are how many kinds of learning by association?
A
Two
11
Q
Who theorized Classical Conditioning
A
Ivan Pavlov
12
Q
A stimulus thatndoes not produce specific reactions
A
Neutral Stimulus
13
Q
A stimulus that naturally triggers an automatic response
A
Unconditioned Stimulus
14
Q
A response that is not learned but is natural
A
Unconditioned response
15
Q
A stimulus wherein a neutral object, action or person is connected to a specific response over time
A
Conditioned stimulus
16
Q
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
A
Conditioned response
17
Q
What are the parameters of classical conditioning
A
Acquisition
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus Generalization Discrimination
Higher-order conditioning
18
Q
Who theorized Operant Conditioning
A
B.F Skinner
19
Q
A conditioning where it discovered how behavioral response affects the environment and vice-versa
A
Operant Conditioning
20
Q
Delivery of a pleasant or appetite stimulus following a behavioral response
A
Positive reinforcement
21
Q
Removal of an unpleasant or aversive stimulus following a behavioral response
A
Negative Reinforcement
22
Q
Delivery of an unpleasant or aversive stimulus following a behavioral response
A
Positive punishment
23
Q
Removal of a pleasant or appetitive stimulus following a behavioral response
A
Negativen punishment
24
Q
Positive and Negative reinforcement ____________________
A
Increases the frequency of the behavioral response
25
Positive and Negative reinforcement ____________________
Increases the frequency of the behavioral response
26
Positive and Negative punishment ______________________.
Decreases the frequency of the behavioral response
27
Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous
Fixed Ration
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
28
Reinforcement for every response of the correct type
Continuous
29
Reinforcement following completion of a specific number of responses
Fixed Ration
30
Reinforcement for an unpredictable number of response that varies around a mean value
Variable ratio
31
Reinforcement for the first response that follows a given delay since the previous reinforcement
Fixed Interval
32
Reinforcement to the first response that follows an unpredictable delay (varying around a mean value) since the previous reinforcement
Variable Interval
33
Parameters of Operant Conditioning
Shaping
Extinction
Stimulus generalization
Discrimination learning
Partial Reinforcement
Secondary Reinforcement
34
Social Learning is theorized by ______________.
Albert Bandura
35
Process of learning from others' experiences
Vicarious Learning
36
Kind of learning wherein you learn by seeing consequence of another`s behavior
Social Learning
37
4 steps of modeling learning
Attention
Retention
Motoric reproduction
Reinforcement
38
Paying attention to the model performing
Attention
39
Encoding the behavior in memory so that it can be recalled later
Retention
40
Imitating and attempt by the learner at the modelled skill copying the performance
"Watching to doing"
Motoric reproduction
41
A need to want to copy the behavior
Reinforcement
42
If model is reinforced for her behavior, you will be motivated to copy her
Vicarious Reinforcement
43
If model is punished, you would be less motivated to copy her
Vicarious Punishment
44
Kind of learning wherein proficiency and competency in a certain kind of performance
Skill Learning
45
Stepmof skill learning wherein it is how you understand the task and how you analyze how will you execute it perfectly
Cognition
46
The application or practice how to do or execute the task
Fixation
47
Through practicing, you already masterednthe skill and perform it unconsciously
Automation
48
Kind of learning wherein you use words, either as stimulus or reponse during reading, writing and reciting
Verbal learning
49
Kind of verbal learning wherein timed sequence of stimuli (list of words) is presented to a subject to be learnt
Serial-Anticipation Learning
50
Occurs when an individual is presented with a list of information
Primacy and Recency Effect
51
Remembering things at the BEGINNING of the list
Primacy
52
Remember things at the END of the list
Recency
53
Kind of verbal learning wherein you are recalling the list of items in any order
Free recall learning
54
Kind of verbal learning wherein two items or stimuli is paired with another
Ex. (Stimulus) Yellow = Banana (Response)
Paired - Associate Learning
55
Kind of learning wherein it involves perceiving of current happenings, recalling previous experiences, thinking, reasoning, evaluation and abstracting
Cognitive Learning
56
How many methods are there to measure memory
4
57
Reproducing past learning without a clue
Recall
58
Ability to identify learned items that are familiar
Recognition
59
Reconstructing of past learning
Reintegration/Redintegration
60
Reviewing previous learning
Relearning
61
The three process of memory are:
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
62
Process of memory wherein you transform a physical, sensory input into a representation that can be replaced into memory
Encoding
63
Process of memory wherein you store or encoded information in memory
Storage
64
How you gain access to information stored in memory
Retrieval
65
What are the three memory stores?
Sensory store
Short-term store
Long-term store
66
Capable of storing relatively limited amounts of information for BRIEF PERIODS
Sensory Store
67
Capable of storing information for SOMEWHAT LONGER PERIODS but of limited capacity as well
Short-term store
68
Capable of very large capacity and of storing info for VERY LONG PERIODS
Long-term store
69
Concepts that are not themselves directly measureable or observable
Hypothetical Constructs
70
What are the types of long-term memory?
Semantic
Episodic
Procedural
71
General world knowledge
Memorized facts and info
Associated with books and school
Semantic Memory
72
Personal facts/experiences
Memories for specific events
What most people think of as memory and include info about recent/past experiences ans events
Episodic
73
How to perform an action in sequence
Rudimentary behavior and procedures
Procedural memory
74
Repeated recitation of an item
Rehearsal
75
Effects of such rehearsal
Practice effects
76
Somehow elaborates on the items to be remembered
(Sandy = beach)
Elaborative Rehearsal
77
Simply repeats the items to be remembered
(Repeating a phone number mentally or aloud till the number is entered to the phone)
Maintenance Rehearsal
78
Refers to memory of an individual's history
Autobiographical Memory
79
A memory of an event so powerful that the person remembers the event as vividly as if it were indelibly preserved on film
Flashbulb Memory
80
Event memories of pearl harbor
Assassination of john kennedy
Princess Diana
Flashbulb memory
81
Someone who demonstrates extraordinary keen memory ability, usually based on using special techniques for memory enhancement
Mnemonist
82
Generate rich visual images to represent info
S (Shereshevskii)
83
Spent great deal of time practising, encodes material by relating it to prior information
VP
84
Connects numbers to events
SF
85
Individuals who posses eidetic imagery power
Eidetikers
86
Severe loss of explicit memory
Amnesia
87
Inability to remember events BEFORE the traumatic event
Retrograde Amnesia
88
Inability to remember events BEFORE the traumatic event
Retrograde Amnesia
89
Inability to remember events AFTER the traumatic event
Inability to form new memories
Anterograde amnesia
90
Disease of older adults that causes progressive memory loss
Alzheimer`s disease
91
Collection of symptoms of alzheimer's
Dementia
92
Failure to retain what was previously learned; learned info is lost
Forgetting
93
Theory of forgetting wherein forgetting occurs because recall of certain words interfers with recall of other words.
Interference theory
94
Two kinds of interference
Retroactive
Proactive
95
When newly acquired knowledge impedes the recall of OLDER MATERIAL
Retroactive interference
96
When material that was learned in the past impedes the learning of NEW MATERIAL
Proactive interference
97
Asserts that information is forgotten because of the gradual disapperance, rather than displacement of the memory trace
Decay theory
98
Decreasing accesibility of memory over time
Transcience
99
Lapses of attention and forgetting to do things
Absent-mindedness
100
Temporary inaccesibility of stored information such as tip of the tongue syndrome
Blocking
101
Attribution of memories to incorrect sources or believing that you have seennor heard something you haven`t
Misattribution
102
Incorporation of misinformation into memory due to leading questions, deceptions and other causes
Suggestibility
103
Retrospective distortions produce by current knowledge and beliefs
Bias
104
Unwanted recollections that people can't forget such as the unrelenting, intrusive memories of PTSDZ
Persistence
105
Regarded as a sequence of symbolic processes to implicity manipulate ideas or objects that are physically absent to the senses
Thinking
106
Two kinds of thinking
Realistic
Autistic
107
Direct your thinking towards problem solving and decision-making
Realistic thinking
108
Two types of realistic thinking
Closed-system thinking
Adventurous thinking
109
Guided by rules and convention toward the solution
Closed-system thinking
110
Devise your tools toward the solution
Adventurous thinking
111
3 processes of adventurous thinking
Deductive
Inductive
Evaluative/Critical
112
3 processes of adventurous thinking
Deductive
Inductive
Evaluative/Critical
113
General to specific
Deductive
114
Specific to general
Inductive
115
Judge the soundness or appropriateness of an idea based on the norms
Evaluative/Critical thinking
116
Engage in thinking just for pleasure of it like in the case of daydreaming and wishful thinking
Autistic thinking
