Lesson 6-8 Flashcards
(24 cards)
__in Ethics is the ability to identify and assess ethical arguments from various perspectives.
Reasoning
__ are a sign of moral seriousness and are to be admired, but oftentimes will become an obstacle when making decisions.
Feelings
__ means that when making an ethical decision, one should avoid biases and should view everything from an objective perspective.
Impartiality
__ is the process by which people develop the distinction between right or wrong (morality) and engage in reasoning between the two (moral reasoning)
Moral Development
Well known for his theory of Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg
Was derived from his interviews with young boys distributed from early childhood to late adolescence.
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Punishment and Compliance Oriented
Instrumental Purpose Orientation
Pre Conventional Stage
Good boy/Nice Girl orientation
Law and Order Morality
Conventional Level
Social Contract Orientation
Universal Ethical Principles Orientation
Post Conventional
Is the earliest period of moral development. It lasts till around the age of 9
Pre Conventional Level
At this age, children’s decisions are shaped around the expectation of adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules
Pre Conventional Level
Moral decisions are based on fear of punishment. It is a matter of obey or you get punished.
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment orientation
Right behavior is defined by whatever the individual believes to be in his/her best interest.
Stage 2: Self interest/ Individualism and Exchange
Is the adolescent stage of Moral Development
Conventional Morality
Focusing on the importance of following society’s rules and expectations to maintain order and prevent problems
Conventional Morality
Kohlberg says that: the reaction of others are somehow the basis of decision making and behavior.
Stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation
Children want the approval of others and act in ways of avoiding disapproval.
Stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation
The individual becomes aware of the wider rules of society, so judgement concerns obeying the rules to uphold the law and avoid guilt.
Stage 4: Law and Order Morality
Is characterized by the individual’s understanding of universal ethical principles.
Level 3: Post Conventional Morality
At this level, people think about what is fair, what is just, and what value is important.
Level 3: Post Conventional Morality
People understand laws are not absolute and can be changed through a social contract.
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
Individuals’ reason out that values, rights and principles, transcends the law.
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
People at this stage have developed their own set of moral guidelines, which may or may not fit in with the law
Stage 6: Universal Principles
Moral decisions are not just based on the laws and rules of society, but on one’s conscience.
Stage 6: Universal Principles
