LESSON 6 - PEST IDENTIFICATION Flashcards by Alex S

1) Met__

1)__ refers to the way insects develop, grow, and change in form.

Metamorphosis

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Gradual Metamorphosis has __ life stages.

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1) E__ 2) Ny__ 3) Ad__

Gradual Metamorphosis life stages include 1)__, 2)__, and 3)__.

1) Egg
2) Nymph
3) Adult

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1) Wi__ 2) Sm__

A nymph resembles a full-grown adult EXCEPT it lacks 1)__ and is 2)__ than a full-size adult.

1) Wings
2) Smaller

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Complete Metamorphosis has __ life stages.

Four

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1) Pu__ 2) Ad__

COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS life stages consist of egg, larva, 1)__, and 2)__.

1) Pupa
2) Adult

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Why are Beneficials beneficial?

Beneficial insects feed on harmful ones.

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1) Pr__ 2) Pa__

Beneficials insects fall into two categories: 1)__ and 2)__

1) Predators
2) Parasitoids

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Predators kill and consume the __ insect pest.

Entire

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1) Eg__ 2) Ha__

Parasitoids lay 1)__ inside the host insect, on the insect, or somewhere in the host 2)__. The eggs hatch into larvae that slowly feed on the pest.

1) Eggs
2) Habitat

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1) Ce__ 2) Sa__

Piercing-Sucking Insects pierce the plant 1)__ and suck up plant 2)__ and fluid inside the cells.

1) Cell
2) Sap

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1) So__ 2) Pe__

Aphids are 1)__-bodied 2)__ shaped insects.

1) Soft-Bodied
2) Pear

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1) Co__ 2) Re__

Aphids distinguishing features include two short 1)__ or tubes extending from the 2)__ of the body.

1) Cornicles
2) Rear

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Pi__

Aphids is a __-Sucking insect.

Piercing-Sucking Insect

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Aphids excrete a large amount of unused plant sap called - __

Honeydew

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Honeydew provides a good medium for the growth of sooty __ on the tops of leaves

Mold

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1) Am__ Scales 2) So__ Scales 3) Me__bugs

Scales are divided into three groups:

1) __ scales
2) __ scales
3) __bugs

1) Armored Scales
2) Soft Scales
3) Mealybugs

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Armored Scales secrete a __ covering over their bodies. – The scales live and feed under this covering

Waxy-Covering

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Armored Scales offspring are called __

Crawlers

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Fl__

Soft Scales secrete a waxy covering that looks like a thick - __ mass for protection and to enclose eggs.

Fluffy

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Pr__

Mealybugs are soft-bodied and covered in powdery/cottony wax-like material.

Short wax __ extends from the margins of the body.

Projections

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Whitefly Adults resemble tiny white __.

Moths

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Whiteflies deposit eggs on the __ of leaves.

Undersides

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Whiteflies secrete honeydew – resulting in sooty __ on plants.

Mold

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**Lacebugs** are broad/flat insects that are __ in shape.

Rectangular

**Lacebugs** are gray or __ in color.

Brown

**Lacebugs symptoms** include **skins, shiny black __ from excrement, brownish substances** as protective coverings.

Stains

**Thrips are small, elongate**, and __ insects.

Cylindrical

**Thrips** produced __ or **silvered leaves with necrotic spots**.

Bleached

**Thrips** produce and leave behind varnishlike __ that collects on leaves.

Varnishlike **Excrement**

**Spider Mites** produce small __ spots on feeding sites.

Chlorotic

# We\_\_ **Spider Mites** causes the undersides of leaves to have **silken __ spun across them**.

**Silken Webbing** Spun across them.

# Be\_\_ **Caterpillars produce frass (small dots of excrement)** will be evident __ the affected leaves.

Beneath

# Irr\_\_ **Grasshoppers** produce an __ appearance on foliage.

Irregular

# De\_\_ **Beetles** have **tough forewings** that protect __ hindwings.

Delicate Hindwings

**Beetles** are under leaves, along stems, and **\_\_ the mulch surface**.

Beneath the mulch surface

# 1) Mo\_\_ 2) Be\_\_ **Borers are larvae** of either 1)\_\_ or 2)\_\_.

1) Moths 2) Beetles

# Wo\_\_ **Borers attack the trunk, stems, and barks** of __ ornamental plants.

Woody

# 1) St\_\_ 2) Ho\_\_ 3) Sp\_\_ **Borers** leave sap 1)\_\_, 2)\_\_ in bark, peeling or 3)\_\_ bark areas.

1) Stains 2) Holes 3) Spongy

# 1) Fl\_\_ 2) Be\_\_ 3) Mo\_\_ **Leafminers** are small larvae of 1)\_\_, 2)\_\_, or 3)\_\_.

1) Flies 2) Beetles 3) Moths

# Be\_\_ **Leafminers** feed __ the upper and lower leaf surfaces.

Between

# 1) Tr\_\_ 2) Bl\_\_ **Serpentine** Leafminers leave winding 1)\_\_ in leaves. **Blotch** Leafminers produce a blotch or 2)\_\_ on leaves.

1) Trails 2) Blisters

# Tu\_\_ **Southern Chinch Bugs** are **Piercing-Sucking Insects** that attack \_\_.

Turfgrass

# St.\_\_ **Southern Chinch Bug** is the most important pest of __ Grass

St. Augistinegrass

# 1) Hi\_\_ 2) Th\_\_ **Southern Chinch Bugs prefer** 1)\_\_ temperatures and 2)\_\_ grass.

1) Higher 2) Thicker

**SOUTHERN CHINCH BUGS** symptoms are **GROWING yellowish to brownish patches** around 1)\_\_ and poorly 2)\_\_ areas.

1) Sidewalk 2) Irrigated

# 1) Ro\_\_ 2) Sh\_\_ **Ground Pearls** attach to 1)\_\_ and enclose themselves in a globular 2)\_\_.

1) Roots 2) Shells

The **biggest sign of Ground Pearls** is emptied - wax spherical __ of the insect.

Covering

**Spittlebugs** are black with 2 Orange Stripes across their \_\_.

Wings

**Spittlebug Nymphs** are surrounded by a mass of white __ for protection.

Frothy Spittle

# Sa\_\_ **Damage from spittlebugs** is caused by the injection of toxic __ during feeding.

Toxic Saliva

# 1) Pu\_\_ 2) Cu\_\_ **Spittlebug** damage includes 1)\_\_ colored streaks on grass and 2)\_\_ yellowed blades.

1) Purple 2) Curled

**Damage from Sod Webworms** begins in small patches of \_\_-clipped grass.

Short-clipped

**Fall Armyworms** grow into adult \_\_

Moths

**Fall Armyworms** have a light-colored "\_\_" on a dark head.

"Y"

**Feeding for Fall Armyworms** occurs over __ areas and not only in patches.

Large

\_\_ Crickets are the most serious pest of **turfgrass** in Florida

Mole

**Mole Crickets tunnel** and feed on \_\_.

Roots

**White Grubs** feed on \_\_.

Roots

# 1) Su\_\_ 2) Fa\_\_ **Damage from White Grubs** is most pronounced during late 1)\_\_ and early 2)\_\_.

1) Summer 2) Fall

# 1) Cir\_\_ 2) Ba\_\_ **Cutworm symptoms appear** as 1)\_\_ spots of dead grass or 2)\_\_ marks that look like ball marks.

1) Circular 2) Ball

# di\_\_ Disease is a sustained __ of the plant cycle.

Disturbance

**A pathogen** is a __ causing agent.

Disease

# 1) Sus\_\_ Ho\_\_ 2) Co\_\_ En\_\_ 3) Pa\_\_ What are the **three components of the Disease Triangle**?

1) Susceptible Host 2) Conductive Enviorment 3) Pathogen

# 1) Ch\_\_ 2) Va\_\_ **Fungi** lack 1)\_\_ and 2)\_\_ tissue.

1) Chlorophyll 2) Vascular

**Saprophytes are fungi** that decompose __ matter.

ORGANIC

What is the **most common sign of** fungal disease?

Leaf Spotting

**Bacteria** is \_\_-shaped

Rod-Shaped

**Bacteria** move inside cells and __ cell walls so cell contents can be utilized.

Degrade

Viruses only multiply and survive in __ cells.

LIVING

Fungi or Algae does/does not contain chlorophyll?

Fungi - Does NOT Algae - DOES

**Sod Webworm larvae** turn it into **small tan to gray** \_\_.

Moths

# 1) De\_\_ 2) So\_\_ **Mole Crickets** reduce turfgrass 1)\_\_ and leave patches of bare 2)\_\_.

1) Density 2) Soil

**White Grubs** makes turf turn a __ color or produce dead spots **due to lack of roots**.

Yellowish

**Cutworms** 1)\_\_ in the ground and emerge at 2)\_\_ to chew on grass blades.

1) Burrow 2) Night

Hunting Billbugs have a __ looking apperance.

Weevil

Stems and Rhizomes have __ **feeding marks and do not hold together when affected by Hunting Billbugs**.

Hunting Billbugs

**Fungi** germinates and enters the host -- __ then **develops and extracts nutrients from plant cells**.

Hyphae

# 1) Wo\_\_ 2) Op\_\_ **Bacteria** enters plants only through 1)\_\_ or natural 2)\_\_ in the plant.

1) Wounds 2) Openings

**Viruses cause mosaic** __ and **streaking** on leaves.

Patterns

# 1) Bl\_\_ 2 Fu\_\_ **Algae** appears as raised 1)\_\_ or **spots on leaf surfaces**. Sometimes appear 2)\_\_ or **velvety**.

1) Blotches 2) Fuzzy

# 1) Ba\_\_ 2) Ph\_\_ **Phytoplasmas** are 1)\_\_ parasites that reside in plant 2)\_\_ tissue.

1) Bacterial 2) Phloem

# 1) Ho\_\_ 2) Ve\_\_ **Phytoplasms** can only be maintained in plant 1)\_\_ and insect 2)\_\_.

1) Hosts 2) Vectors

# 1) Ca\_\_ 2) Ap\_\_ The **clearest symptom when dealing with Phytoplasmas** is **yellowing or browning** of the 1)\_\_ and finally **death** of the 2)\_\_ meristem.

1) Canopy 2) Apical

# Ha\_\_ A __ is an organ that **penetrates the host and forms a vascular union between plants**.

Haustorium

# 1) Fl\_\_ 2) Se\_\_ **Parasitic Plants** can produce 1)\_\_ and reproduce by 2)\_\_.

1) Flowers 2) Seeds

# Ch\_\_ **Parasitic Plants** can not produce their own \_\_.

Chlorophyll

**Blights** are larger leaf \_\_.

Spots

# 1) Tu\_\_ 2) Ma\_\_ **Galls** are 1)\_\_ or 2)\_\_.

1) Tumors 2) Masses

# 1) Su\_\_ 2) St\_\_ **Cankers** are 1)\_\_ lesions must often found on 2)\_\_.

1) Sunken 2) Stems

# 1) Wa\_\_ 2) Gr\_\_ **Bacterial Infections** produced a 1)\_\_-soaked symptoms abnd take on a dark and 2)\_\_ apperance.

1) Water-Soaked 2) Greasy

**Rotting of Seedlings** as they emerge from the soil is **called __ Off**.

Dropping Off

# 1) Mo\_\_ 2) In\_\_ **Viral Infections** results in a 1)\_\_ on the color of leaves and shortened 2)\_\_ that make the **plant look squat**.

1) Moltting 2) Internodes

# 1) St\_\_ 2) En\_\_ **Nematoad**s use a 1)\_\_ to **peirce and inject** 2)\_\_ into the host cells before **feeding on partially digested cell contents**.

1) Stylet 2) Enzymes

**Nematoads** primarily infect __ function.

Root

Nematoads that **feed outside the plant** are called __ Nematoads.

**Ecto**parasitic

Nematoads that **feed inside the plant** are called __ Nematoads.

**Endo**parasitic

A **key aboveground symptom** of **Nematoads** is a faliure of the plant to respond normally to __ or other beneficial measures.

Fertilizers

# 1) Ro\_\_ 2) Ga\_\_ **Belowground symptoms** of Nematoads **abnormally short or rotted** 1)\_\_ -- and 2)\_\_ caused by Root-Knot Nematoads.

1) Roots 2) Galls

\_\_ is a **weed classification** that results in weed leaf blades having **parallel veins** that are **long and alternate on each side of the stem**.

Grasses

# 1) Tr\_\_ 2) Th\_\_ **Sedges** have 1)\_\_ shaped stems and long leaves extending in 2)\_\_ directions.

1) Triangular 2) Three

# 1) Va\_\_ 2) Fl\_\_ **Broadleaves** are highly 1)\_\_ but do have showy 2)\_\_ and **net vegitation in leaves of varying shapes and sizes**.

1) Variable 2) Flowers

LESSON 6 - PEST IDENTIFICATION Flashcards

(102 cards)