Lesson 6: Transport Processes

Question 1

Passive Transport

Answer 1

• Transport that does not require energy
• High to low area if concentration
• Molecule moves down concentration gradient

Question 2

Active Transport

Answer 2

• Transport that requires energy
• Low to high area of concentration
• Molecule moves up concentration gradient
• Requires protein carrier and ATP (energy)

Question 3

What is the Particle Theory of Matter?

Answer 3

• All materials are composed of particles in constant, random motion

Question 4

Equilibrium

Answer 4

• A state in which their is no net movement or measurable changes over time
• Equal and balanced

Question 5

When does equilibrium occur in a system in terms of concentration?

Answer 5

• When the concentration of solutes is the same throughout the system

Question 6

Concentration Gradient

Answer 6

• The difference of concentration of a substance between areas

Question 7

Diffusion?

Answer 7

• The movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration
• Molecules move down concentration gradient
  (molecules move away from a crowded area to an open space)

Question 8

Is diffusion a form of passive or active transport?

Answer 8

• Passive transport

Question 9

What types of molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane?

Answer 9

• Very small molecules
  Ex. oxygen, carbon dioxide

Question 10

What types of molecules cannot diffuse through a cell membrane?

Answer 10

1. Particles that dissolve well in water
2. Larger molecules

Question 11

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 11

• The movement of molecules from a high to low concentration with the use of a protein carrier
• Molecules move down concentration gradient

Question 12

What molecules require facilitated diffusion to diffuse through a cell membrane?

Answer 12

1. Molecules that cannot dissolve in water
2. Larger molecules
   Ex. suger, amemio acids

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

• The movement of water molecules from a high to low concentration through a semipermeable membrane
• Water moves down concentration gradient

Question 14

Semipermeable Membrane

Answer 14

• A membrane that only allows some substances to pass through

Question 15

When does osmosis often occur?

Answer 15

• Through membranes that are permeable to water but not solutes
  Ex. will allow water molecules but not sugar molecules

Question 16

Is osmosis a form of active or passive transport?

Answer 16

• Passive transport

Question 17

Solution

Answer 17

• A homogeneous mixture consisting of two parts
  (solute and solvent)

Question 18

Solute

Answer 18

• Substance getting dissolved

Question 19

Solvent

Answer 19

• Substance doing the dissolving
  (usually water)

Question 20

What are the types of solute concentration?

Answer 20

1. Hypertonic
2. Hypotonic
3. Isotonic

Question 21

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 21

• Solution in where the the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside the cell

Question 22

Where is the water more likely to travel to in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 22

• Water is likely to exit cell due to less obstruction from solute
  *Cell may shrivel up

Question 23

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 23

• Solution in where the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower then inside the cell

Question 24

Where is the water more likely to travel to in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 24

_ Water is likely to enter the cell due to less obstruction from the solute
* Cell may explode

Question 25

Isotonic Solution

Answer 25

- Solution in which the concentration of solutes outride the cell is equal to inside the cell

Question 26

Where is the water more likely to travel to in an isotonic solution?

Answer 26

- Water will move in and out of the cell but overall concentration in solution and cell will remain constant *No net movement

Question 27

Where is the movement of diffusion from?

Answer 27

A hypotonic to a hypertonic solution

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

- Used to bring particles into the cell that are too large to be brought in by the cell membrane

Question 29

What happens during endocytosis?

Answer 29

1. Cell membrane surrounds particle, than closes off to form a vesicle 2. Vesicle can then move into the cell

Question 30

Is endocytosis a form of active or passive transport?

Answer 30

- Active transport * Requires ATP

Question 31

Exocytosis

Answer 31

- Used to force particles to exit cell Ex. cell must rid itself of large waste particles

Question 32

What happens during exocytosis

Answer 32

1. Vesicle surronds particle 2. Vesicle moves to plasma membrane and fuses with it 3. Vesicle ruptures, releasing particles into surroundings

Question 33

Is exocytosis a form of active or passive transport?

Answer 33

- Active transport - Requires ATP