Lesson 6: Types of Rocks and their Properties Flashcards

(53 cards)

1
Q

Earth is a solid rock to a depth of

A

2,900 kilometers

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2
Q

a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals.

A

rock

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3
Q

The
aggregate minerals forming the rocks are held together by

A

chemical bonds

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4
Q

the scientific study of rocks

A

petrology

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5
Q

how are rocks classified

A

based on how they were formed

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6
Q

three types of rocks

A

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock

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7
Q

formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that
originates deep within the earth.

A

Igneous

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8
Q

two types of igneous rock

A

extrusive/volcanic and intrusive/plutonic

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9
Q

forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s surface
as lava and then cools.

A

extrusive/volcanic

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10
Q

the crystals of extrusive/volcanic rocks are:

A

very small (fine grained) since the cooling process is fast

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11
Q

It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are created by magma.

A

intrusive/plutonic rock

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12
Q

the crystals of intrusive/plutonic rocks are:

A

very large (coarse grained)

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13
Q

igneous rocks are classified based on

A

composition and texture

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14
Q

four types of igneous rock composition

A

FELSIC, MAFIC, INTERMEDIATE, and ULTRAMAFIC

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15
Q

light in color; feldspar and silicates

A

FELSIC

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16
Q

dark in color; made up of magnesium and iron

A

MAFIC

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17
Q

between mafic and felsic

A

INTERMEDIATE

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18
Q

very dark color

A

ULTRAMAFIC

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19
Q

overall appearance of rock

A

texture

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20
Q

fine grained

A

aphanistic

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21
Q

coarse grained

A

phaneritic

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22
Q

large crystals with small crystals

23
Q

non-ordered solid from rapid quenching

24
Q

composite of ejected fragments

25
provide information about surface conditions that existed in the Earth’s past.
sedimentary rocks
26
Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of materials called
sediments
27
due to increase of pressure of layered sediments it bind together to form
sedimentary rocks
28
three types of sedimentary rocks
clastic, chemical, and organic
29
formed from accumulation of clasts: little pieces of broken rocks and shells.
clastic sedimentary rock
30
formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution
chemical sedimentary rock
31
rocks formed from the accumulation of animal debris
organic sedimentary rocks
32
formed when a body of seawater becomes closed off and evaporates.
halite
33
composed of organic matter in the form of plants fragments.
coal
34
forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary
metamorphic rocks
35
transformation of one rock type into another.
metamorphism
36
two types of metamorphism
regional and contact
37
mainly by heat due to contact with magma
contact
38
due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region of the crust
regional
39
two classifications of metamorphism
texture and foliation
40
refers to the size arrangement and grains within the rock
texture
41
any planar arrangement of mineral grains or structural features within the rock
foliation
42
appeared banded or layered, contains crystals
foliated
43
made up of only a few minerals
non-foliated
44
are formed from melted rock deep inside the Earth.
igneous rocks
45
are formed from layers of sand, silt, dead plants, and animal skeletons.
sedimentary rocks
46
formed from other rocks that are changed by heat and pressure underground.
metamorphic rocks
47
four steps in the formation of sedimentary rocks
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation
48
particles are carried away by wind or water
erosion
49
loosely packed sediments
deposition
50
closely packed sediments
compaction
51
tightly packed sediments
cementation
52
rock cycle
**magma** > intrusion or eruption > **igneous** > weathering,erosion, transport, deposition > **sedimentary** > heat and/or pressure > **metamorphic** > burial and extreme heat
53
what parts of the rock cycle are connected
- igneous > magma - igneous > metamorphic - metamorphic > sedimentary