Lesson 7

Question 1

These are measurable elements that can vary or take different values along some dimensions

Answer 1

Variables

Question 2

Expresses a potential relationship between two kinds of variables.

Answer 2

Experimental Hypothesis

Question 3

It is the dimension that the experimenter manipulates. the antecedent that the experimenter chooses to vary

Answer 3

Independent Variable

Question 4

T/F
IV must be given at least two possible values in every experiment

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F
researchers rely on experimentally controlled variations to study their effects

Answer 5

False - naturally occurring variations

Question 6

T/F
Preexisting characteristics should be evenly distributed among the subjects

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F
subjects should be exposed to the same treatment

Answer 7

True

Question 8

It is the particular behavior that we expect to change. also known as the outcome

Answer 8

Dependent variable

Question 9

T/F
we can explain the behavior from a scientific viewpoint without the antecedent

Answer 9

False

Question 10

It specifies the precise meaning of a variable within an experiment: It defines a variable in terms of observable operations, procedures and measurements.

Answer 10

Operational Definition

Question 11

T/F
It is called an operational definition because it clearly describes the operations that are not directly involved in manipulating or measuring the variables in an experiment.

Answer 11

False - directly involved

Question 12

T/F
The experimental operational definition specifies the exact procedure for creating values of the independent variable.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F
The measured operational definition specifies the exact procedure for measuring the dependent variable.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F
Hypothetical constructs are constructs that are directly observable and explain the behavior

Answer 14

False - are unseen processes postulated to explain behavior.

Question 15

T/F
Many psychological variables are observable constructs, that is, constructs that cannot be observed directly. We infer their existence from behaviors that we can observe.

Answer 15

False - Hypothetical constructs

Question 16

T/F
Something that cannot be seen must be defined by observable dimensions before we can deal with it scientifically.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F
operational definitions are equally important when we are working with variables that can be observed more directly.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F
operational definitions are equally important when we are working with variables that can be observed more directly.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

It means consistency and dependability.
Good operational definitions are reliable

Answer 19

Reliability

Question 20

This estimates that are used to evaluate the error associated with administering a test at two different times.

Answer 20

Test-retest reliability

Question 21

T/F
test-retest reliability measures traits that does not change over time

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F
Ideally, six months or more interval. When interval between testing is more than six months, referred as coefficient of stability.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T/F
You can use test that are different in difficulty when using alternate forms

Answer 23

False

Question 24

T/F
Split half form provides a measure of the internal consistency of the test, helping ensure that the test items consistently measure the intended construct.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

Refers to the degree of correlation among all the items on scale.

Answer 25

Inter-Item Consistency

Question 26

the degree of agreement or consistency between two or more scorers (or judges or raters) with regard to a particular measure.

Answer 26

Inter-rater reliability

Question 27

It is a judgment of how well a test measures what it needs to measure

Answer 27

Validity

Question 28

The judgment about the items appropriateness is made by test taker rather than expert in the domain.

Answer 28

Face Validity

Question 29

It is the type of validity that is important whenever a test is used to make inferences about the broader domain of knowledge and or skills represented by a sample of items.

Answer 29

Content Validity

Question 30

Refers to how well a test or tool measures the construct that it was designed to measure

Answer 30

Construct Validity

Question 31

Convergent validity is a measure correlating to the different constructs.

Answer 31

False. same construct

Question 32

Measure correlating to different constructs.

Answer 32

Divergent Validity

Question 33

T/F criterion related validity compares the result of the new test to the established test to assess how the new test measures the same variable.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F Predictive validity assesses the ability of a test to predict future outcomes. By examining the correlation between test scores and future criterion measures, researchers can determine the extent to which the test accurately predicts future performance or behavior.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F Concurrent validity assesses the extent to which a test score is related to a criterion measure obtained at the same time.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

It is the degree to which changes in the dependent variable across treatment conditions were due to the independent variable.

Answer 36

Internal Validity

Question 37

T/F Internal validity establishes a regression relationship between the independent and dependent variable.

Answer 37

False. cause and effect relationship

Question 38

T/F Changing of instrument being used in experiment can not affect the result of the experiment

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Occurs when subjects drop out of experimental conditions at different rates.

Answer 39

Subject mortality

Question 40

T/F Methodology section provides the reader with sufficient detail (who, what, when, and how) to exactly replicate your study.

Answer 40

True