Lesson 7: Adolescence

Question 1

The process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.

Answer 1

Puberty

Question 2

The organs necessary for reproduction, such as ovaries, testes, uterus, etc. These enlarge and mature during adolescence.

Answer 2

primary sex characteristics

Question 3

Signs of sexual maturation like breast development, voice changes, and growth of body hair that do not directly involve the sex organs.

Answer 3

secondary sex characteristics

Question 4

It involves hormonal changes that trigger the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics.

Answer 4

Puberty

Question 5

It occurs between ages 6 and 8, when adrenal glands secrete increasing levels of androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone or DHEA).

Answer 5

Adrenarche

Question 6

It is the maturing of the sex organs, triggering a second burst of DHEA production.

Answer 6

Gonadarche

Question 7

It is a rapid increase in height, weight, and muscle mass during puberty, just before reaching full sexual maturity.

Answer 7

Adolescent growth spurt

Question 8

Girl’s first menstrual period, indicating the onset of sexual maturity.

Answer 8

Menarche

Question 9

boy’s first ejaculation, indicating the onset of sexual maturity.

Answer 9

Spermarche

Question 10

When do most girls experience a growth spurt compared to boys?

Answer 10

Most girls experience a growth spurt 2 years earlier than boys, so between ages 11 and 13, girls tend to be taller, heavier, and stronger than boys the same age.

Question 11

It contributes to faster body growth, oilier skin, and the development of body odor.

Answer 11

Adrenarche

Question 12

What is the average age of menarche?

Answer 12

around 12-13 years

Question 13

What are the Pubertal timing

Answer 13

Secular trend, influences, race/ethic differences, timing matters

Question 14

How do race/ethnic differences affect pubertal timing?

Answer 14

On average, Black and Hispanic girls start puberty earlier than White and Asian girls, and Black and Hispanic boys mature faster than White boys.

Question 15

What risks do early maturing girls face?

Answer 15

Increased risk for problems like depression, eating disorders, substance abuse, and early sexual activity.

Question 16

What are the effects of early maturation in boys?

Answer 16

Early maturing boys face some risks but also tend to be taller and more athletic.

Question 17

What challenges do late maturing youth face?

Answer 17

Late maturing youth face psychosocial challenges but not the same health risks.

Question 18

What is the impact of increased white matter in the adolescent brain?

Answer 18

It permits faster communication between brain regions.

Question 19

What happens to gray matter during adolescence?

Answer 19

Gray matter increases then prunes, leading to a more efficient but still maturing cortex.

Question 20

Which brain regions mature first during adolescence?

Answer 20

Subcortical regions mature first, which are linked to increased sensation-seeking.

Question 21

Which area of the brain matures last in adolescents?

Answer 21

The prefrontal cortex matures last, which is important for impulse control and planning.

Question 22

What is a common issue with physical activity among teens?

Answer 22

Teens often do not get enough exercise.

Question 23

What can poor exercise habits in adolescence lead to?

Answer 23

They may result in poor lifelong health habits and early death in adults.

Question 24

What health risks can insufficient physical activity impact?

Answer 24

It can impact the risk for obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

Question 25

What is a common sleep issue for most teens?

Answer 25

Most teens do not get 8-10 hours of recommended sleep.

Question 26

What causes the mismatch in sleep schedules for teens?

Answer 26

Delayed sleep phase and school schedules are often mismatched.

Question 27

What are the effects of insufficient sleep on teens?

Answer 27

It impacts cognition, mood, and academics.

Question 28

What are some nutritional issues faced by adolescents?

Answer 28

Issues include undernutrition globally and overnutrition/obesity, which is rising globally.

Question 29

What health risks are associated with obesity?

Answer 29

Obesity is associated with various health risks.

Question 30

It is responsible for executive functions like planning, problem-solving, and impulse control.

Answer 30

prefrontal cortex

Question 31

It is an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation.

Answer 31

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 32

What are common symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 32

Restricting the amount of food eaten, cutting food into small pieces, low blood pressure, significant weight loss, muscle wasting, and no menstruation.

Question 33

It is an eating disorder in which a person regularly eats huge quantities of food and then purges the body by laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Answer 33

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 34

What are common symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa?

Answer 34

Self-induced vomiting, dental cavities due to self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to prevent weight gain, depression, confused or slow thinking, poor memory and judgment.

Question 35

It is an eating disorder in which a person loses control over eating and binges huge quantities of food.

Answer 35

Binge Eating Disorder

Question 36

What are common symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder?

Answer 36

Frequent weighing, going to the bathroom right after meals, and binge eating.

Question 37

It is One's perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about one's body.

Answer 37

Body Image

Question 38

What are compulsive behaviors associated with eating disorders?

Answer 38

Exercising compulsively and using laxatives, enemas, or diuretics inappropriately.

Question 39

What eating disorder is this? Using laxatives, enemas, or diuretics inappropriately. Restricting the amount of food eaten, cutting food into small pieces

Answer 39

Anorexia

Question 40

What eating disorder is this? Abuse of laxatives, enemas, or diuretics inappropriately. Frequent weighing Self-induced vomiting

Answer 40

Bulimia

Question 41

How does binge drinking affect development?

Answer 41

Binge drinking impairs development.

Question 42

What is a concern related to the legalization of marijuana?

Answer 42

Legalization raises concerns about increased use.

Question 43

What effect does marijuana have on cognition?

Answer 43

Marijuana impairs cognition.

Question 44

What is a characteristic of tobacco?

Answer 44

Tobacco is highly addictive.

Question 45

What trend has been observed with vaping?

Answer 45

Vaping has risen sharply.

Question 46

Which gender is depression more common in?

Answer 46

Depression is more common in girls.

Question 47

What are some risk factors for depression?

Answer 47

Risk factors include genetics, trauma, and social stress.

Question 48

What are some symptoms of depression?

Answer 48

Symptoms can include irritability, loss of pleasure, fatigue, sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, and lack of motivation.

Question 49

What is a common treatment for depression?

Answer 49

Treatment often includes medication and/or CBT.

Question 50

It is the Piaget's final stage of cognitive development

Answer 50

Formal operations

Question 51

What are the immature aspects of adolescent thought

Answer 51

Imaginary audience in personal fable

Question 52

The tendency of adolescence to falsely believe themselves to be the focus of others attention

Answer 52

Imaginary audience

Question 53

The adolescent belief in one's uniqueness and invulnerability; associated with risk taking

Answer 53

Personal fable

Question 54

If this increases it permits faster communication between brain regions

Answer 54

White matter

Question 55

_____ increases then prunes - leads to more efficient but still maturing cortex

Answer 55

Gray matter

Question 56

It is a region that mature first which is linked to increase sensation seeking

Answer 56

Subcortical regions

Question 57

It matures last which is the area for impulse control and planning

Answer 57

Prefrontal cortex

Question 58

He developed a model which proposes that moral development was a consequence of moral reasoning which depend heavily on cognitive development

Answer 58

Lawrence kohlberg

Question 59

What are the kohlberg's stages of moral development

Answer 59

Level 1: pre-conventional morality Level 2: conventional morality (or morality of conventional role conformity) Level 3: post conventional morality (or morality of autonomous moral principles)

Question 60

This is the level where people act under external controls. this level is typically of children ages 4 to 10. they obey rules to avoid punishment or reap rewards or they act out of self interest

Answer 60

Level 1: pre-conventional morality

Question 61

This is the level where people have internalized the standards of authority figures this level is typically reached after age 10 many people never move beyond, even in adulthood.

Answer 61

Level 2: conventional morality (or morality of conventional role conformity)

Question 62

This is the level where people recognize conflicts between moral standards and make their own judgments are the basis of principles of right, fairness and justice people generally do not reach this level of moral reasoning until a list early adolescence or, more commonly, in young adulthood if ever

Answer 62

Level 3: post conventional morality (or morality of autonomous moral principles)

Question 63

According to erikson, a coherent conception of the self, made up of goals, values, and beliefs to which a person is solidly committed.

Answer 63

Identity

Question 64

This is which society allows individuals to address psychosocial crisis free from the full responsibilities of adult life

Answer 64

Psychosocial moratorium

Question 65

It is a sustained loyal, faith faith, our sense of belonging that results from the successful resolution of erikson's identity versus identity confusion psychosocial stage of development

Answer 65

Fidelity

Question 66

What are the identity status

Answer 66

Identity achievement Moratorium Foreclosure Identity diffusion

Question 67

In identity status this is where commitments are made after a crisis period

Answer 67

Identity achievement

Question 68

In identity status this is where currently in crisis period

Answer 68

Moratorium

Question 69

In identity status this is where commitment without a crisis period

Answer 69

Foreclosure

Question 70

In identity status this is no commitments or crisis period

Answer 70

Identity diffusion

Question 71

What are the possible risk of teen sexual activity

Answer 71

Sti and pregnancy

Question 72

It is the parenting style associated with most positive outcomes

Answer 72

Authoritative parenting