Lesson 7: Mycobacterium species Flashcards by Danica Mae Araza

General description of Mycobacterium spp.

✓ Acid-fast rods (Ziehl Nelseen-positive)
✓ Aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming
✓ Pathogenic species grow slowly, colonies visible after several weeks

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Cell walls of Mycobacterium spp. are rich in what?

complex lipids and waxes containing mycolic acids

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Mycobacterium spp. type of media required for growth of pathogenic species

Complex egg-enriched media

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Genus of Mycobacterium spp.

✓ obligate pathogens
✓ opportunistic pathogens
✓ saprophytes

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It grow slowly, colonies visible after several weeks

Pathogenic species

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Some mycobacteria produce these pigments

carotenoid pigments

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Mycobacterium spp. are resistant to what?

✓ chemical disinfectants
✓ environmental influences

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Mycobacterium spp. are susceptible to what?

heat treatment (pasteurization)

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Mycobacterium spp. multiply intracellularly and cause these infections

chronic, granulomatous infections

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Major diseases caused by Mycobacterium spp.

✓ tuberculosis
✓ Johne’s disease
✓ feline leprosy

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Staining method used in the Mycobacterium spp.

Ziehl-Nelseen Method

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the mycobacteria stain color is what?

red (acid-fast)

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Tuberculosis (worldwide) is caused by what bacteria?

M. tuberculosis

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Tuberculosis in (East. Africa) is caused by what bacteria?

M. africanum

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Tuberculosis in (West. Africa) is caused by what bacteria?

M. canettii

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Buruli cancer is caused by what bacteria?

*M. ulcerans
*

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Leprosy is caused by what bacteria?

M. leprae

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Rat leprosy and feline leprosy are caused by what bacteria?

M. lepraemurium

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Paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease)
is caused by what bacteria?

M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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Associated with skin tb is caused by what bacteria?

Unspecified acid-fast bacteria

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bovine farcy is caused by what bacteria?

✓ M. senegalensi
✓ M. farcinogenes

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Bacteria that causes tuberculosis

M. tuberculosis
M. africanum
M. canettii
M. microti
M. caprae
M. pinnipedii
M. avium complex
M. marinum*

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Main host of M. tuberculosis

✓ humans
✓ captive
primates

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Main host of M. tuberculosis

Cattle

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Main host of M. africanum

Humans

Main host of M. canettii

Humans

Main host of M. microti

Voles

Main host of M. caprae

Goats

Main host of M. pinnipedii

✓ seals ✓ sea lions

Main host of M. avium complex

Most avian species except psittacine

Main host of M. marinum

Fish

Main host of M. ulcerans

Human

Main host of M. leprae

Human

Main host of M. lepraemurium

✓ rats ✓ mice

Main host of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

✓ cattle ✓ sheep ✓ goats ✓ deer

Main host of Unspecified acid-fast bacteria

Cattle

Main host of M. senegalensi and M. farcinogenes

Cattle

Significance of infection of M. tuberculosis

Important in humans and occasionally in dogs

Significance of infection of M. bovis

Important in cattle and occasionally in other domestic animals and humans

Significance of infection of M. avium complex

Important in free-range domestic poultry, opportunistic infections in humans and domestic animals

Significance of infection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Important in cattle and other ruminants

Important in humans and occasionally in dogs

*M. tuberculosis*

Important in cattle and occasionally in other domestic animals and humans

*M. bovis*

Important in free-range domestic poultry, opportunistic infections in humans and domestic animals

*M. avium complex *

Important in cattle and other ruminants

*M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis*

Growth rate of M. tuberculosis

Slow (3-8 weeks)

Growth rate of M. bovis

Slow (3-8 weeks)

Growth rate of M. avium complex

Slow (2-6 weeks)

Growth rate of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Very slow (up to 16 weeks)

Optimal incubation temperature of M. tuberculosis

37°C

Optimal incubation temperature of M. bovis

37°C

Optimal incubation temperature of M. avium complex

37-43°C

Optimal incubation temperature of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

37°C

Atmospheric requirement of ✓ M. tuberculosis ✓ M. bovis ✓ M. avium complex ✓ M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Aerobic

Colonial features of M. tuberculosis

Rough, buff, difficult to break apart

Colonial features of M. bovis

Cream-colored, raised with central roughness, break apart easily

Colonial features of M. avium complex

Sticky, off-white, break apart easily

Colonial features of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Small, hemispherical, semi-pigmented

Essential growth supplements of ✓ M. tuberculosis ✓ M. bovis ✓ M. avium complex

None

Essential growth supplements of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Mycobactin

Effect of added glycerol to M. tuberculosis

Enhanced growth (eugonic)

Effect of added glycerol to M. bovis

Growth inhibited (dysgonic)

Effect of added glycerol to M. avium complex

Enhanced growth (eugonic)

Effect of added pyruvate to M. tuberculosis

No effect

Effect of added pyruvate to M. bovis

Enhanced growth

Effect of added pyruvate to M. avium complex

No effect

Niacin accumulation of M. tuberculosis

Niacin accumulation of M. bovis

Niacin accumulation of M. avium complex

Pyrazinaminadase production of M. tuberculosis

Pyrazinaminadase production of M. bovis

Pyrazinaminadase production of M. avium complex

Nitrate reduction of M. tuberculosis

Nitrate reduction of M. bovis

Nitrate reduction of M. avium complex

Susceptibility to TCH (10 mcg/ml) of M. tuberculosis

Resistant

Susceptibility to TCH (10 mcg/ml) of M. bovis

Susceptible

Susceptibility to TCH (10 mcg/ml) of M. avium complex

Resistant

TCH stands for?

thiopene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazine

Economically important disease caused by M. bovis, occurs worldwide.

Tuberculosis in cattle

Tuberculosis in cattle: economically important disease caused by what bacteria that occurs worldwide.

*M. bovis*

Difficult to eradicate due to the presence of bacteria in wildlife and crossspecies infection.

Tuberculosis in cattle caused by *M. bovis*

Can survive for several months in environment and is mainly transmitted by aerosol, but ingestion of organism thru contaminated milk is possible

Tuberculosis in cattle caused by *M. bovis*

Tuberculosis in cattle caused by *M. bovis* is mainly transmitted by _________, but ingestion of organism thru __________ is possible

aerosol contaminated milk

Upon entry to the host via the respiratory tract mycobacteria are engulfed by what?

macrophages and dendritic cells

Lesson 7: Mycobacterium species Flashcards

(85 cards)