Lesson Objective Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are the structural components of a typical vertebra?
- Vertebral body
- Superior articular process
- Inferior articular process
- Spinous process
- Transverse process
- Pedicle
- Lamina
- Vertebral foramina
- Superior/Inferior notches
Define the terms for abnormal curvatures of the spine.
- Kyphosis - Anterior FLEXION
- Lordosis - posterior EXTENSION
- Scoliosis - Lateral curvature/deviation
What components make up the intervertebral disc?
- Nucleus pulposus
- Annulus fibrosus
What is posterolateral herniation of the intervertebral disc?
A condition where the disc herniates posteriorly and laterally, potentially compressing spinal nerves.
List the six ligaments of the spine.
mentally picture a vertebrae
- Anterior longitudinal ligament (sandwich the vertebral body)
- Posterior longitudinal ligament (sandwich the vertebral body)
- Supraspinous ligament (end of spinous process)
- Interspinous ligaments (thru spinous process)
- Ligamentum flavum (through lamina of vertebrae)
- Intertransverse ligaments (end of lateral tranverse process)
What motions do the spinal ligaments limit?
They limit excessive movement and provide stability to the vertebral column
Describe the structure and function of the ligamentum nuchae.
neck nougat
A ligament that supports the head and limits flexion and extension of the cervical spine.
What is spinal stenosis?
A condition characterized by narrowing of the spinal canal, which can lead to nerve compression.
What is the function of the thoracolumbar fascia?
It provides structural support and attachment for muscles of the back.
True or False: The cervical spinal nerves exit below their corresponding vertebrae.
False. Cervical spinal nerves exit above their corresponding vertebrae.
What are the three layers of meninges covering the spinal cord?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
What are the differences between lumbar epidural anesthesia and lumbar spinal anesthesia?
- Lumbar epidural anesthesia requires a larger dose and takes time to take effect; it involves placing a catheter.
- Lumbar spinal anesthesia is administered directly into the CSF and has potential for bleeding/headache.
What are the functions of the intrinsic back muscles?
- Maintain posture
- Control spinal movements
- Proprioception
What is the role of the psoas major muscle in spinal movement?
It assists in flexing the lumbar spine.
What is the clinical correlate associated with lumbar spinal stenosis?
It may cause compression of one or more spinal nerve roots occupying the inferior vertebral canal.
Hpw many spinal nerve pairs are present in the cervical region? Name them
8 pairs
C1 / head and neck
C2
C3 / cervical plexus
C4 / diaphragm
C5 / deltoids biceps
C6 / wrist exten
C7 / triceps
C8 / hand /
What clinical changes occur in vertebrae with advancing age?
- Decrease in bone density
- Articular surfaces bow inward
- Compression at periphery
- Formation of osteophytes
What are the primary spinal curvatures?
- Thoracic
- Sacral
What are the secondary spinal curvatures?
- Cervical
- Lumbar
What motions do the spinal ligaments limit?
They limit excessive movement and provide stability to the vertebral column
Describe the structure and function of the ligamentum nuchae.
A ligament that supports the head and limits flexion and extension of the cervical spine.
What are the six primary movements of the spine?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Lateral flexion
- Rotation
- Axial rotation
- Circumduction
What are the regions of the spine and their respective vertebrae counts?
- Cervical: 7 vertebrae
- Thoracic: 12 vertebrae
- Lumbar: 5 vertebrae
- Sacral: 5 fused vertebrae
- Coccygeal: 4 fused vertebrae
What is the significance of the cauda equina? What is at the end of cauda equina?
It is a bundle of spinal nerves and nerve roots located below the termination of the spinal cord.
Filum terminale
