Lesson1

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

Homeostasis is how the body obtains the requirements of life (oxygen, water, nutrients) and removes waste through the coordinated function of the body systems.

Question 2

How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together?

Answer 2

They work together to obtain and circulate oxygen and remove carbon dioxide waste.

Question 3

What is the role of the digestive, excretory, and circulatory systems?

Answer 3

They work together to obtain and circulate nutrients and remove waste.

Question 4

What is the nervous system?

Answer 4

The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 5

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 5

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

What is the function of the central nervous system?

Answer 6

It controls thought, movement, emotion, breathing, heart rate, hormones, and body temperature.

Question 7

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 7

The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

What are neurons?

Answer 8

Neurons are the basic unit of structure and function in the nervous system.

Question 9

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 9

Sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.

Question 10

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 10

The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 11

What is a target organ?

Answer 11

The organ a particular hormone acts on.

Question 12

What is the pituitary gland known as?

Answer 12

The ‘master gland’ which secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions.

Question 13

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 13

It releases hormones that stimulate or suppress the production of other hormones throughout the body.

Question 14

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 14

Thermoregulation is the control of body temperature.

Question 15

What mechanisms help cool the body down?

Answer 15

Vasodilation and sweating.

Question 16

What is hyperthermia?

Answer 16

Hyperthermia is a condition where the body temperature is too high, which can be dangerous.

Question 17

What is hypothermia?

Answer 17

Hypothermia is a condition where the body temperature is too low, which can also be dangerous.

Question 18

What is glucoregulation?

Answer 18

Glucoregulation is the process of regulating blood glucose levels.

Question 19

What is Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 19

A condition where the body’s immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

Question 20

What is Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 20

A condition where the body produces insulin but does not use it properly.

Question 21

What are the first line of defense mechanisms in the immune system?

Answer 21

Skin, tears, mucous membranes, saliva, and stomach acid.

Question 22

What is the second line of defense in the immune system?

Answer 22

Inflammatory response, increased blood flow, fever, and white blood cells.

Question 23

What do vaccines do?

Answer 23

Vaccines stimulate the production of antibodies and memory cells without making a person ill.

Question 24

What is mitosis?

Answer 24

Mitosis is the division of the nucleus into two nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes.

Question 25

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 25

Asexual reproduction is when a new organism is produced from one parent and is genetically identical to the parent.

Question 26

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 26

Sexual reproduction involves two parents, resulting in offspring that are a combination of both parents.

Question 27

What are the similarities between male and female reproductive systems?

Answer 27

Both have pouches (testicles in males, ovaries in females) and start with 'starter parts' that could develop into either sex.

Question 28

What is added to sperm to make semen?

Answer 28

A fluid that protects the sperm and assists in motility and survival.

Question 29

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 29

The urethra is the tube transporting urine and semen.

Question 30

What is the penis?

Answer 30

The copulatory organ for males, serving as the outlet for urine and semen.

Question 31

What is the role of the ovary?

Answer 31

An ovum (egg)-producing reproductive organ that releases oestrogens and ovulates a mature ovum.

Question 32

What is the function of the fallopian tube?

Answer 32

A narrow duct that receives the ovum from the ovary for fertilisation.

Question 33

What connects the uterus to the vagina?

Answer 33

The cervix, which has a small opening and can expand.

Question 34

What is the vagina?

Answer 34

A muscular tube leading from the outside of the canal where sperm enters.

Question 35

What is internal fertilisation?

Answer 35

Fertilisation that occurs within females, common in mammals, insects, birds, and reptiles.

Question 36

What are the advantages of internal fertilisation?

Answer 36

Protection from predators, reduced risk of desiccation, increased fertilisation success, control over reproduction, and higher survival rates.

Question 37

What are the disadvantages of internal fertilisation?

Answer 37

Fewer offspring produced, potential for disease transmission, intimate contact required, and specialized reproductive organs.

Question 38

What is external fertilisation?

Answer 38

Fertilisation that requires water for sperm to swim to the eggs, common in aquatic species.

Question 39

What are the advantages of external fertilisation?

Answer 39

Increased genetic diversity, simpler reproductive strategy, large number of offspring, and easier to find mates.

Question 40

What are the disadvantages of external fertilisation?

Answer 40

High gamete wastage, environmental hazards, reduced parental care, and increased risk of predation.

Question 41

What is the pistil also known as?

Answer 41

Carpel.

Question 42

What body systems are topics for the exam?

Answer 42

Nervous system, Endocrine system, Immune System.

Question 43

What aspects of homeostasis are included in the exam topics?

Answer 43

Heat regulation and sugar regulation (Insulin).

Question 44

What topics are covered under mitosis & reproduction?

Answer 44

Mitosis, Asexual & Sexual reproduction, Reproduction systems, Plant reproduction, Internal vs External.