Lesson2

Question 1

What is the purpose of shipping regulations?

Answer 1

To ensure ship design activities are carried out without endangering safety, integrity of hull and cargo, and the marine environment

Question 2

What are technical constraints in ship design?

Answer 2

Limitations of ship equipment and systems, material choice and degradation, budget and regulatory restrictions

Question 3

Which international organization is responsible for ship safety, pollution, and security?

Answer 3

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

Question 4

What does the International Labour Organization (ILO) govern?

Answer 4

Laws governing maritime personnel

Question 5

What is Flag State Control?

Answer 5

The responsibility of the state where a ship is registered to ensure compliance with IMO conventions

Question 6

What is Port State Control?

Answer 6

An inspection system to identify deficiencies in ships, equipment, or crew, complementing Flag State Control

Question 7

What is the main instrument of the IMO and ILO?

Answer 7

Conventions that become laws when enacted by UN member states

Question 8

What is the significance of the UN Convention on the Law Of the Sea (UNCLOS)?

Answer 8

Establishes fundamental rules for ocean use and mandates pollution prevention

Question 9

What is the role of the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA)?

Answer 9

To monitor maritime safety issues and enforce regulations within the EU

Question 10

What is the Baltic Sea’s classification under MARPOL?

Answer 10

A special area where the emission of oil and oil-bearing mixtures into the sea is prohibited

Question 11

What do Classification Societies do?

Answer 11

Regulate technical and operational standards of ships; ensure vessels are seaworthy

Question 12

What is Rightship?

Answer 12

A ship vetting service that ranks vessels from 1 to 5 stars based on various safety metrics

Question 13

What is the estimated percentage of global CO2 emissions attributed to international shipping?

Answer 13

Around 2.2%

Question 14

What are the main pollutants emitted by ships?

Answer 14

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2) * Sulfur Oxides (SOx) * Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) * Carbon Monoxide (CO) * Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) * Particulate Matter (PM)

Question 15

What is the role of technology in green ship design?

Answer 15

To develop emission reduction solutions and improve environmental performance

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The main codes influencing ship design are SOLAS and _______.

Answer 16

MARPOL

Question 17

What is the connection between ship design and environmental sustainability?

Answer 17

Ship design must incorporate green technologies to reduce emissions and environmental impact

Question 18

What are the main dimensions of a ship as defined in naval architecture?

Answer 18

• Length between perpendiculars (LBP) * Length overall (LOA) * Design waterline length (LWL)

Question 19

What is the purpose of the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM)?

Answer 19

To protect the marine environment in the Baltic Sea and manage pollution from maritime traffic

Question 20

True or False: The European Union has a single regulatory framework for all member states concerning maritime safety.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Discuss the importance of operational optimization in ship design.

Answer 21

It enhances efficiency and reduces operational costs while meeting regulatory standards

Question 22

What are some examples of green technologies in shipping?

Answer 22

• LNG and CNG as fuel * Biofuels * Advanced battery technology * Exhaust gas recirculation * Fuel cells

Question 23

What is the significance of ice class rules in ship design?

Answer 23

They define the ice-going capabilities of ships, particularly in regions like the Gulf of Finland

Question 24

What are the projected CO2 emissions from maritime transport by 2050?

Answer 24

15% of total CO2 emissions

Question 25

What is Ayre's formula used for?

Answer 25

Estimation of ship length ## Footnote Ayre’s formula is given by ( L_{pp}/A^{1/3} = 3.33 + 1.67 V/sqrt{L_{pp}} ), where ( V ) is the ship speed in knots, ( A ) is the displacement in ( m^3 ), and ( L ) is the length in meters.

Question 26

What does Posdunine and V. Lammeren's formula estimate?

Answer 26

Length of a ship ## Footnote The formula is ( L_{pp} = C(V/(V + 2)^2)A^{1/3} ), where ( C ) is an empirical coefficient based on ship type.

Question 27

What is the empirical coefficient ( C ) for cargo ships according to Posdunine and V. Lammeren's formula?

Answer 27

7.16 ## Footnote The coefficient ( C ) varies based on ship type.

Question 28

What is Völker's formula used for?

Answer 28

Estimation of ship length based on speed and displacement ## Footnote Völker's formula is given by ( L/A^{1/3} = 1/3 ), with an empirical coefficient ( C_1 ) that depends on ship type.

Question 29

What is the coefficient ( C_1 ) for dry bulk cargo ships?

Answer 29

3.5 ## Footnote The coefficient ( C_1 ) varies for different ship types.

Question 30

What does Schneekluth's formula estimate?

Answer 30

Length of minimum building cost ## Footnote The formula is ( L_{pp} = C cdot Delta^{0.3} cdot V^{0.3} ), where ( C ) is an empirical coefficient based on the ship's block coefficient.

Question 31

What is the definition of moulded beam?

Answer 31

Greatest distance between the inside of plating on the two sides at the greatest width ## Footnote Moulded beam is crucial for determining ship dimensions.

Question 32

What is the significance of ship depth (moulded depth, ( D ))?

Answer 32

Determines ship volume and influences freeboard ## Footnote Measured from the underside of the deck plating to the top of the inner flat keel plate.

Question 33

What is the mean draft (( T_m )) formula?

Answer 33

Average of the bow and stern drafts ## Footnote Mean draft is defined as ( T_m = (T_{fw} + T_{aft})/2 ).

Question 34

What is camber in ship design?

Answer 34

Rise of the deck from the side to the center ## Footnote Camber helps in water drainage from the deck.

Question 35

What does the term 'flare' refer to in ship design?

Answer 35

Increase in half-breadths above the keel ## Footnote Flare improves wave piercing performance and increases deck space.

Question 36

What is freeboard?

Answer 36

Height of the deck at side above the waterline ## Footnote Influences righting arm shape and stability.

Question 37

What is the purpose of the Plimsoll mark?

Answer 37

Indicates maximum allowed draught under varying conditions ## Footnote It is a critical safety feature for ship loading.

Question 38

How is the basic freeboard of a ship calculated?

Answer 38

Based on the International Load Line Convention (ILLC) ## Footnote It depends on ship type and various design factors.

Question 39

What does shear refer to in ship design?

Answer 39

Distribution of freeboard along the ship's length ## Footnote Shear assists in avoiding deck wetness.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The rise of floor or deadrise is the height of the intersection above the keel, defined as the _______.

Answer 40

line of bottom extended to the moulded breadth line ## Footnote This term describes the shape of the ship's bottom.

Question 41

What is the effect of increasing beam (B) on production costs?

Answer 41

Potential increase in production costs ## Footnote Increased beam can also affect ship resistance and stability.

Question 42

True or False: A large draught benefits ship resistance.

Answer 42

True ## Footnote A larger draught allows for better propeller design and clearances.

Question 43

What is the relationship between draught and displacement?

Answer 43

Draught must relate to the displacement equation ## Footnote A large draught provides greater freedom for propeller design.