Lessons 1-6 terms

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Contains DNA which controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

Question 2

State the 4 differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus.

Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome whereas eukaryotic cells have many linear chromosomes.

Prokaryotic cells have a plasmid where as eukaryotic cells have no plasmid.

Prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cells do have membrane bound organelles.

Question 3

What is the theory of endosymbiosis?

Answer 3

A prokaryotic cell was engulfed by another larger prokaryotic cell.

Question 4

Why is a stain used when creating a wet mount slide?

Answer 4

So that specific cellular structures can be seen (e.g., nucleus / chromosomes / cell wall)

Question 4

List the steps for making a wet mount slide.

Answer 4

Place a drop of water to mimic the natural conditions of a cell.
Place a thin piece of the sample of a microscope slide to allow light to go through it.
Place a drop of _____________ stain to see organelles or chromosomes.
Use a paper towel to draw this through so there is no excess.
Put a coverslip ontop of this.

Question 5

What is the function of the lysosome

Answer 5

Contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material

Question 5

What is the word equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 5

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 6

What is the function of the cytosol?

Answer 6

Fluid part of the cell where some chemical reactions occur

Question 7

Which stain is used on animal cells?

Answer 7

Methylene blue

Question 8

Which two organelles support the theory of endosymbiosis?

Answer 8

chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 9

Describe the 3 parts of cell theory.

Answer 9

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
All living things are made from one or more cells or from products of cells.

Question 10

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 10

Site of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 11

Which stain is used on plant cells?

Answer 11

Iodine

Question 12

What is the function of a chloroplast?

Answer 12

Site of photosynthesis

Question 13

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 14

Storage of cell sap

Question 15

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

Folds ___________ polypeptides into____ proteins and transports them into transport vesicles

Question 16

Explain why some cells have lots of mitochondria

Answer 16

Because the mitochondria provide energy for a cell via aerobic cellular respiration, then if a cell has high energy requirements they will therefore need lots of mitochondria.

Question 17

What is the function of a transport vesicle?

Answer 17

Transports ________ proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus

Question 18

Compare an E.coli bacteria with a rose cell.

Answer 18

n E.coli bacteria has no nucleus / membrane bound organellles whereas a rose cell does.
An E.coli bacteria has a single circular chromosome whereas a rose cell has mutliple linear chromosomes
An E.coli has plasmids / mesosome whereas a rose cell does not

Question 19

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 19

Regulates the inputs and outputs of the cell

Question 20

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 20

Site of polypeptide synthesis

Question 21

Draw and label a plant cell

Answer 21

Question 21

Why is a thin sample used when creating a wet mount slide?

Answer 21

So that light can pass through the sample

Question 22

What happens to the field of view as magnification decreases?

Answer 22

it increases

Question 23

What is a polypeptide

Answer 23

The sequence of amino acids (primary structure of a protein)

Question 24

Draw a eukaryotic animal cell

Answer 24

Question 25

How do you calculate magnification?

Answer 25

Occular lens / eye piece (usually 10) x objective lens

Question 26

Draw a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 26

Question 27

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 27

Provide structure and support to the cell

Question 28

What are the rules for a biological drawing?

Answer 28

Pencil only Plain white paper ½ page in size Include a title and magnification Label parts of the drawing Keep it simple – draw only what you see No shading Use a ruler to rule lines (straight lines – no arrow heads)

Question 29

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 29

Final modification and packing of ________ proteins into secretory vesicles

Question 30

Which cell is a eukaroytic cell? Justify your answer.

Answer 30

Cell Y Cell Y has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles whereas Cell X (prokaryotic) does not

Question 31

Why is water used when creating a wet mount slide?

Answer 31

Prevent the sample from drying out and to mimic natural conditions of the cell

Question 32

What happens to the field of view as magnification increases?

Answer 32

It decreases

Question 33

describe the role of the mitochondria in the protein production pathway

Answer 33

Site of aerobic cellular respiration this means that it releases the energy required for protein synthesis and secretion

Question 34

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 34

Controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

Question 34

What is the function of a secretory vesicle?

Answer 34

allow _______ protein to be secreted out of the cell by exocytosis

Question 35

what is exocytosis

Answer 35

The method by which proteins leave the cell. as the membrane of the secretyory vesicle fduses with the plasma membrane of the cell allowing the contents of the secretry vesicle to leave the cell

Question 36

function of the mesosome (prokaryotic cells)

Answer 36

site of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 37

function of singular circular chromosme

Answer 37

Controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

Question 38

what are the extra structures in prokaryotic cells

Answer 38

Mesosome flagella pili

Question 39

what is the flagella in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 39

A harlike appendage that protrudes to provide motility

Question 40

what is the pilli in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 40

short harlike structures on the cell surface