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CD3408 > Let 15-18b > Flashcards

Let 15-18b Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is asthma

A

A disease characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli and manifested by widespread narrowing of the airways

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2
Q

Clinical def of asthma

A

any patient with recurrent (>3) episodes of wheezing and or dyspnea

  • can cause
  • -sob
  • -tightness in the chest
  • -coughing
  • -wheezing
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3
Q

Risk factors of asthma

A

Genetic- The body predisposition to develop IgE

Environmental

chemical agents (tabaco etc)

Inflammatory triggers

Symptom triggers

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4
Q

What is exercise induced asthma+ mechanism + durations

A

Coughing, wheezin, chest tightness

mechanism- increases respiratory rate + cold dry air thru month
-Airways narrow->reduced air flow->coughing wheezing etc

Duration
After- begin during and usually worse 5-20m after stop
late- 4-12 after but ss are less severe

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5
Q

Tests used for asthma

A

Spirometry
Peark flow rate
challenge test (deliberately triggering airway obstruction)
Exhaled nitric oxide (marker for asma severity)

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6
Q

Essential components of asthma care

A 
assessment and monitoring
patient education
control of factors contributing to asthma severity
pharmacological tx
pt health and wellness
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7
Q

possible treatable traits of chronic asthmatic

A 
nutritional def
obesity
reconditioning
cachexia
fall risk 
gerd
sleep apnea
stress etc
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8
Q

Med management of asthma

A 
Bronchodialators (beta agonists)
Antiinflamatories
Inhaled NSAIDS
Inhaled steroids
Oral Steroids
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9
Q

Asthmatic emergencies in children ages 5-11

A

s/s of sig trouble breathing

  • persistent coughing or wheezing
  • no improvement after inhaler
  • unable to speak w/o gasping
  • peak flow meter (in red)
  • severe asthma attack
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10
Q

tx traits of asthma for chiros

A 
spinal mobility
myofasial tension/triggers
rehab program
trigger exposure
referal for sensitive testing
nutritional options
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11
Q

Enuresis definition

A

Defined as the leakage of urine in discrete portion of sleeping
-atleast 5yold or older

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12
Q

What is primary enuresis

A

Never been previously dry
-dx not before 5years old

(15% have natural resolution rate w/o tx)

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13
Q

What is secondary enuresis and pot causes

A

Restart bedwetting when previous dry period of at least 6 m

Multiple causes:

  • UTI
  • Small bladder capacity
  • Anatomic abnormalities
  • psychological distress/anxiety
  • family stress
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14
Q

what is mono symptomatic enuresis

A

the pt is w/o

  • lower tract sympptoms
  • hx of bladder dysfunction
  • night time wetting with day time control
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15
Q

What is poly symptomatic enuresis

A

nocturnal + day incontinence w other symptoms:

  • urgency, hesitancy, straining
  • weak stream
  • intermittency
  • holding manoeuvres
  • feeling of incomplete emptying
  • post maturation dribble
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16
Q

Genetics of eneritics

A

75% risk where both parents were
45% risk where only one parent was
15% where there is no parental hx

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17
Q

multifactorial causation of enuresis

A
  • impaired cerebral cortex maturation
  • rapid eye mvmt sleep disorder
  • disturbed circadian rhythm
  • genertic disorders
  • psychiatric disorders
  • kidney probs
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18
Q

overall tx methods for primary nocturnal enuresis

A 
timed awakenings
alarms
biofeedback
hypnosis
acu
meds
CBT
diet
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19
Q

what are the core symptoms of ADHD (3)

A
  1. Inattention
  2. Impulsivity
  3. Hyperactivity
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20
Q

diagnostic criteria for ADHD

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Inattention (need 4)
    - need a calm/quiet to get work done
    - asks things to be repeated
    - easily distracted
    - confuses details
    - doesnt finish what started
    - hears but doesnt listen
    - difficulty concentrating
  2. Impulsivity (3 of following)
    - Calls out in class
    - extrememly excitable
    - trouble waiting turns
    - talks excessively
    - disrupts children
  3. Hyperactivity (3 of following)
    - climbs onto cabinets / furniture
    - always on go
    - figids/squirms
    - does things in a loud/noisy way
    - must always be doing something
21
Q

Other key adhd criteria other than 3 categories

Study These Flashcards
A

Onset before 7
Duration of at least 6 months
present in at least 2 settings

22
Q

Epidemiology of ADHD

Study These Flashcards
A

1-13%

3-4x mc in boys than girls

23
Q

etiology of ADHD

Study These Flashcards
A

combo of genetic, neuro and env factors contribute to pathogenesis

non inherited factors- brain injury, birth complications, inter exposure to alcohol/tabaco, low birth weight, hypixia

24
Q

Neurology of ADHD

Study These Flashcards
A

sig brain areas w slow brain activity:

  • Frontal lobes
  • Inhibitory mechanism of the cortex
  • libic system
  • reticular activating system
25
Chiro care for ADHD
Insufficent evidence to evaluate efficacy of chiro care for paediatric and adolescent ADHD (67.6% of fams use CAM for management)
26
Examples of tx traits of child living w ADHD
``` gross motor energy management fall risk reduction teaching proportionality look ahead activites signs/signals memory tasks somatic stin ```
27
Prevellenece of LBP in adolescnece
25-50% more prev in 8-10yearl olds and 14-16 (1/3 trauma, 1/3 develipmental, 1/3 inf, neoplasm etc)
28
effect of backpack weight on children
carrying more than 10% of body weight-> increased incidence of pain in neck and back (15% changes all angles pertaining to head, neck, trunk etc)
29
what % of pediatric athletes have LBP
10-15%
30
Scheuermanns kyphosis- age, sex, pain
dx bw 13-17 m Usually asymptomatic (if pain then exacerbated by forward flexion, relieved by rest)
31
Discitis age group
<4 | usually staph aureus
32
mc form of downs
trisomy 21
33
can CAM therpies help reduce antibiotic resistence
In paediatric practice an emphasis on accurate diagnosis, control or environmental risk and utilization off CAM could help reduce antibiotic resistance
34
management of otis media
severe our with complications that fail to improve with observation of CAM (48-72hrs) should be tx with antibiotics
35
what is the theory of chiro and set
control of eustachian tube dialation is by tensor deli palatine and elevator veli palini -could be affect via tx to c1-4
36
what is mild illness considered in Acute otitis media
otalgia + middle ear effusion
37
Acute otitis external and s/s
an inflammation, irritation or infection of the outer ear and ear canal s/s - intense otalgia - otorrhea - fullness - hearing loss
38
what is the malignant for of otis externa
inf to temporal bone (necrotizing otis external) immunocompromised pt elderly diabetics
39
General tx for otis media
``` antibiotics valsalva maneuver myringotomy and tympanovstomy diet gum massage meds ```
40
infantile vs juvenile vs adolescent scoliosis
infantile- seen by 3 juvenile- seen by 4-10 adolescent- 10 to skeletal maturity
41
Adolelesent idiopathic scoliosis represents what % of all spinal curves
85%
42
3 Basic AIS etiologoies
1. disporortionate growth velocities 2. nervous system dysfunction (altered sensory inputs) 3. endocribne system involvement (calmodulin def)
43
What were the conclusions of school screening study
only a small% of curves will undergo progression -pattern of the curve according to curve direction and sex of the child was found to be a key indicator of which curves will progress
44
vision and hearing associated probs with scoliosis
vision impaired inv have 5x grater incidence of scoliosis hearing impaired inv have 3/7 times less incidence of scoliosis
45
AIS progression in adulthood
more progressive bw detection and skeletal maturity, less rapid in next 30 years (1 degree progression per year)
46
for curves <20 what should be done
Obs - exercise, postural, economic awareness - cognitive/image/perception/personal goals - refer to physician
47
for curves 20-40 what does be dome
bracing may be required if their is documented progression | -1/3 of curves in this range dont progress
48
for curves >40 degrees what should be done
surgery may be indicated

CD3408 (10 decks)

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