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Clin Med hematology > Leukemia and Lymphoma > Flashcards

Leukemia and Lymphoma Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What is the median age at diagnosis for AML

A

68

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2
Q

How does AML present

A

Nonspecific symptoms that have been around for 3 months or less
-weight loss
-fever
-cough
-bone pain
-bruising / easy bleeding

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3
Q

What is the workup for AML

A

Variable WBC count (>20% blasts)
Low neutrophil count

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4
Q

What is the workup for AML

A

Variable WBC count (>20% blasts)
Low neutrophil count
Thrombocytopenia
*decreased reticulocyte count

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5
Q

What will be present on histology reports in AML

A

Auer rods

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6
Q

What are supportive measures for AML

A

Platelet transfusions
PRBCs
Prophylaxis with neutropenia
Prompt abx if febrile

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7
Q

What lab value is determinant of remission

A

blasts <5%

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8
Q

What are some antibiotics you could use for someone with AML who has a fever

A

Imipenem
Meropenem
Pipercillin/tazobactam

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9
Q

Which gender is more prone to developing CML

A

Males

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10
Q

What is the average age of diagnosis for someone with CML

A

65y/o
*rare under age 40

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11
Q

What is the pathophys of CML

A

Bar-abl (philadelphia chromosome) results in hyperactive Tyrosine

*Interferes with JAK/STAT pathway to produce resistance to apoptosis

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12
Q

What are some lab findings of CML

A

Leukocytosis
Thrombocytosis

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13
Q

What gives a definitive dx of CML

A

Bone marrow bx
genetic testing

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14
Q

What is the first line treatment of CML

A

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

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15
Q

What is curative treatment of CML

A

Bone marrow transplant

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16
Q

What are signs that CML is progressing

A

Leukocytosis is resistant to treatment

Worsening anemia

Fever

Increased number of blasts / basophils

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17
Q

What is the most common malignancy in kids

A

ALL

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18
Q

What causes ALL

A

T or B cell mutations

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19
Q

Which cell line mutation has a worse prognosis

A

T cell mutation

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20
Q

Which children have an increased risk of developing ALL

A

Children with Down syndrome

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21
Q

What is the presentation of ALL

A

Fever
Fatigue/lethargy
Bone pain
Weight loss
Fever
Bruising / easy bleeding

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22
Q

What is the most common finding of ALL

A

Pallor
petechiae
ecchymosis

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23
Q

What laboratory findings will be found with ALL

A

Leukocytes (normal or elevated)
Most patients will have blasts
Elevated eosinophils
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia

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24
Q

How do you get a definitive diagnosis for ALL

A

Bone marrow biopsy

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25
What is considered a cute in ALL
10 or more years in remission
26
What is CLL
malignancy of B lymphocytes
27
What are risk factors for CLL
Agent orange (vietname vets) Hairdressers Farmers hx of HCV infection
28
What are some symptoms with CLL
Fatigue lymphadenopathy (non painful)
29
What are some laboratory findings of CLL
Sustained lymphocytosis >20,000 CD19 & CD5 on flow cytometry *platelet count usually normal
30
What occurs in stage 1 of CLL
Presence of lymphadenopathy
31
What stage CLL does Spleno- hepatomegaly occur in
Stage 2
32
What occurs in stage 3 of CLL
Presence of anemia
33
What stage of CLL does the presence of thrombocytopenia occur in
Stage 4
34
What is the first line treatment for CLL
observation
35
What is the first line treatment if the patient is symptomatic
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors
36
What is the median age of diagnosis for non-hodgkin lymphoma
76
37
What do oncogenes allow for
Promote unchecked cell proliferation
38
What does the tumor suppressor gene do
Stop cell proliferation
39
What occurs in burrito lymphoma
Unchecked proliferation of B-cell proliferation
40
What occurs in follicular lymphoma
Inhibition of Apoptosis
41
How does Non-hodgkin lymphoma present
Lymphadenopathy (painless) B symptoms
42
What are B symptoms in Hodgkin lymphoma
Fever Night sweats (drenching) Weight loss (>10% in 6 months)
43
how do you get a definitive diagnosis of non-hodgkin lymphoma
Lymph node biopsy
44
How do you do staging with non-hodgkin lymphoma
PET/CT Bone marrow bx +/- LP
45
What is the mainstay treatment of non-hodgkin lymphoma
Chemotherapy
46
When can radiation therapy be used in non-hodgkin lymphoma
Stage 1 or 2 disease
47
When are bone marrow transplants used in non-hodgkin lymphoma
Reserved for relapse that remain positive to chemotherapy
48
What is the median age of diagnosis for Hodgkin lymphoma
39-40
49
What is the average age range for Hodgkin lymphoma
20-34
50
Which gender is at higher risk for developing Hodgkin lymphoma
Males
51
What are the risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma
Epstein Barr virus HIV Aids
52
What is the presence of Hodgkin lymphoma
Similar to non-hodgkin lymphoma -arisus from single lymph node -contiguous spread -hemotogenous spread *generalized pruritic with ETOH ingestion and bathing
53
What will be seen on a lymph node biopsy for Hodgkin lymphoma
Reed-sternberg cell on biopsy -owl eye appearance -Symmetric, bilobed nucleus
54
What is the most common primary bone malignancy
Multiple myeloma
55
Which ethnicity is at higher risk of developing multiple myeloma
African American
56
What type of cell makes up multiple myeloma
Plasma cell tumor
57
What is often the first symptom of multiple myeloma
Bone pain
58
What will be seen on laboratory workup of multiple myeloma
Anemia (rouleau formation) Hypercalcemia Proteinuria (bence jones protein)
59
What signs allow for diagnosis of multiple myeloma
Presence of paraproteins Moth eaten appearance on imaging CRAB symptoms
60
What is the gold standard for multiple myeloma diagnosis
Biopsy "fried egg appearance"
61
What are CRAB symptoms
HyperCalcemia Renal insufficiency Anemia Bone lesions
62
How does Leukopenia generally present
Infections
63
What are some causes of neutropenia
Drugs (chemo) Infection Nutritional Genetic Hematologic disease Hypersplenism Autoimmune diseases
64
What ANC is indicative of infection risk
ANC< 1,000
65
What are some causes of lymphopenia
Acute stressful illness (MI, sepsis) Glucocorticoids Lymphoma Radiation Bone marrow failure
66
What are causes of monocytopenia
Acute stressful illness Aplastic anemia Leukemia Immunosuppressants
67
What are causes of eosinopenia
Glucocorticoids

Clin Med hematology (6 decks)

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