Leukemia/lymphomas Flashcards
Leukemia
Lymphoid or myeloid neoplasms with widespread involvement of bone marrow. Tumor cells are usually found in peripheral blood.
Lymphoma
Discrete tumor masses arising from lymph nodes. Presentations often blur definitions.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- localized, single group of nodes; extranodal rare; contiguous spread (stage is strongest predictor of prognosis)
- characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells
- Bimodal distribution-young adulthood and >55 years; more common in men except for nodular sclerosing type
- 50% of cases associated with EBV
- Constitutional (“B”) signs/symptoms-low-grade fever, night sweats, weight loss.
non-hodgkins lymphoma
- Multiple, peripheral nodes; extranodal involvement common; noncontiguous spread
- majority involve B cells (except those of lyphoblastic T-cell orgigin)
- Peak incidence for certain subtypes at 20-40 years of age
- may be associated with HIV and immunosupression
- Fewer constituional signs/symptoms
Reed-sternberg cells
Distinctive tumor giant cells seen in Hodgkins diseas; binucleate or bilobed with the 2 halves as mirror images (“owl’s eyes”). RS cells are CD30+ and CD15+ B-cell origin. Necesary but not sufficient for a diagnosis of Hodgkins diseas. Better prognosis with strong stromal or lymphocytic reaction against RS cells. Nodular scerosing form most common (affects women and men equally). Lyphocyte rich variant of Hodgkins has best prognosis. Lymphocyte mixed or depleted forms have poor prognosis.
Neoplasms of mature B-cells
- Burkitts lymphoma
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Follicular lymphoma
Burkitt’s lymphoma age of occurence
adolescents or young adults
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma age of occurence
usually older adults, but 20% in children
mantle cell lymphoma age of occurance
Older males
follicular lymphoma age of occurance
adults
