Leukocytes

Question 1

Dynamic forces that move cells into and out of body compartments

Answer 1

Leukocyte kinetics

Question 2

MATCH:
A. Active
B. Passive

• Antibody
• Antigen

Answer 2

Active –> Antigen
Passive –> Antibody

Question 3

Example of innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 3

Innate: phagocytes
Adaptive: lymphocytes

Question 4

Enumerate parameters of maturation characteristics

Answer 4

(CNCNCN)
Cell size
Nucleoli
Chromatin
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
N:C Ratio

Question 5

Enumerate the laboratory tests for leukocyte identification

Answer 5

WBC Count
WBC Differential Count
*Schilling’s Index
*Arneth Count
Immunophenotyping
Cytochemical Stains

Question 6

Where does neutrophil development occur?

Answer 6

Bone marrow

Question 7

Major cytokine responsible for stimulation of neutrophil development

Answer 7

Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)

Question 8

This is used for the differentiation and production of cells

Answer 8

Cytokines

Question 9

Enumerate the three pools in the bone marrow and define

Answer 9

1. Stem Cell Pool
   *presence of HSCs
2. Proliferation Pool
   *mitotic pool; actively dividing precursors

–> Examples: (cfuGEMM,GMPM)
*CFU Granulocytes, Erythrocytes, Monocytes, Megakaryocytes; GMP, Myeloblasts, Promyelocyte, Myelocyte

3. Maturation Pool
   *storage pool

–> Examples: (MBS)
–>Metamyelocytes, Band neutrophils, Segmented neutrophils

Question 10

Which cells are in the circulation?

Answer 10

Metamyelocyte
Band form
Mature granulocyte

Question 11

Order of granulopoiesis

Answer 11

1. Heamocytoblast
2. Myeloid stem cell
3. Myeloblast
4. Promyelocyte
5. Myelocyte
6. Metamyelocyte
7. Band form
8. Granulocyte

Question 12

Since HSCs, GMPs, and CMPs are indistinguishable under light microscope and Romanowsky stain, how do you identify them?

Answer 12

Surface antigen detection using flow cytometry

Question 13

Three body compartments

Answer 13

Bone marrow
Peripheral Blood
Tissue

Question 14

Transit time from HSC to myeloblast

Answer 14

not measured

Question 15

transit time from myeloblast to myelocyte

Answer 15

6 days

Question 16

transit time to maturation pool

Answer 16

4-6 days

Question 17

differentiate CNP and MNP

Answer 17

Circulating neutrophil pool: freely floating

Marginal neutrophil pool: adheres to blood vessel wall; stays for 7 hours in blood

Question 18

steps in extravasation and define

Answer 18

(RACT! raaak)
1. Rolling: presence of selectin makes it roll
2. Adhesion: strong binding stops rolling
3. Crawling: look for ICAM
4. Transmigration: macrophage 1 antigen binds to ICAM; paracellular or transcellular

Question 19

passage of blood from capillaries to site of inflammation

Answer 19

diapedesis

Question 20

this is a stimulant

Answer 20

chemotactic agent

Question 21

library of innate immune proteins

Answer 21

granules

Question 22

enumerate the primary granules of neutrophils

Answer 22

(MELCDiP / MILK DiP)
Myeloperoxidase
Elastase
Lysozyme
Cathepsin G
Defensin
Proteinase-3

Question 23

enumerate the secondary granules of neutrophils

Answer 23

(CeLLiNe)
Collagenase
Lactoferrin
Lysozyme
NADPH oxidase

Question 24

enumerate the tertiary granules of neutrophils

Answer 24

(GAP)
Gelatinase
Acid hydrolase
Plasminogen inhibitor

Question 25

enumerate the functions of neutrophil

Answer 25

(PIOONS) 1. Phagocyte (non-specific) *recognition and attachment 2. Ingestion *pseudopodia formation 3. Oxygen dependent killing *respiratory burst *produce H2O2 (primary ROS) and hydrochloride (secondary ROS) 4. Oxygen independent killing 5. Neutrophil extracellular traps *trap gram (+) and (-) 6. Secretory functions

Question 26

how to differentiate promyelocyte from neutrophil promyelocyte?

Answer 26

charcot leyden crystals

Question 27

makes up 1-3% of nucleated cells in the bone marrow and blood

Answer 27

eosinophil

Question 28

transit time from last myelocytic division to mature eosinophil

Answer 28

3.5 days

Question 29

half life of eosinophils

Answer 29

18 hours in the circulation

Question 30

how long is the survival of eosinophils in tissues

Answer 30

2-5 days

Question 31

eosinophil tissue destination

Answer 31

columnar epithelial cells in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary tract

Question 32

mode of degranulation in eosinophils: moves granules to fuse with plasma membrane

Answer 32

classical exocytosis

Question 33

mode of degranulation in eosinophils: removes specific protein before fusing with plasma membrane

Answer 33

piecemeal degranulation

Question 34

mode of degranulation in eosinophils: fuse with eosinophil before plasma membrane

Answer 34

compound exocytosis

Question 35

mode of degranulation in eosinophils: spilling of cellular contents

Answer 35

cytolysis

Question 36

1. most commonly observed mode of degranulation in eosinophils 2. second most common

Answer 36

1. piecemeal degranulation 2. cytolysis

Question 37

enumerate the functions of eosinophil

Answer 37

(APIP) 1. Act as APC 2. Promote proliferation of effector T cells 3. Increased in infection 4. Prevents reinfection

Question 38

treatment of airway inflammation and mucosal cell damage

Answer 38

anti IL-5 monoclonal antibody

Question 39

examples of allergic disorders that increase eosinophils

Answer 39

(CUAFI) Chron's disease Ulcerative colitis Asthma Food Allergy Inflammatory bowel disease

Question 40

this is a physiological response to helminth infections

Answer 40

IgE response

Question 41

misdirected anti-parasite response in hypersensitive people

Answer 41

allergy

Question 42

other name for charcot leyden crystals

Answer 42

galectin-10

Question 43

T or F staging is not done in basophils

Answer 43

T

Question 44

cytokines involved in basophil development

Answer 44

IL-3 and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP)

Question 45

what cytokines are involved in IgE independent?

Answer 45

(may 3 lahat or mukhang 3 and 8) CD33, CD3, CD18

Question 46

life span of basophil

Answer 46

60 hours

Question 47

term for "cannot lyse basophils"

Answer 47

antiapoptotic

Question 48

immunologic gatekeepers

Answer 48

mast cells

Question 49

composition of the granules of mast cells

Answer 49

(PPC) Protease Peptidoglycan Cytokine

Question 50

where do mast cells mature

Answer 50

tissue

Question 51

first to interact with microorganisms before they enter the circulation

Answer 51

mast cells

Question 52

order of monopoiesis

Answer 52

1. Heamocytoblast 2. Myeloid Stem Cell 3. Monoblast 4. Promonocyte 5. Monocyte (blood) 6. Macrophage (tissue)

Question 53

how many hours do macrophages stay in the blood

Answer 53

70 hours

Question 54

granules of macrophage

Answer 54

(AAANP) 1. Acid hydrolase 2. Acid phosphatase 3. Arysulfatase 4. Nonspecific esterase 5. Peroxidase

Question 55

has housekeeping functions and nitric oxide production

Answer 55

macrophage

Question 56

macrophage maintains storage pool of iron through what phenomenon

Answer 56

nursing/suckling phenomenon

Question 57

protein synthesized by macrophage

Answer 57

transcobalamin II

Question 58

cells that mature outside the bone marrow

Answer 58

T and NK

Question 59

primary lymphoid organs

Answer 59

Bone marrow Thymus

Question 60

secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 60

(PLS M) 1. Peyer's patches 2. Lymph nodes 3. Spleen 4. MALT

Question 61

first appearance of CD19 and CD45

Answer 61

Pro B cells

Question 62

antibody present in Pre-B cells

Answer 62

IgM (heavy chain)

Question 63

where do marginal cells mature

Answer 63

spleen

Question 64

where do follicular b cells mature

Answer 64

lymph nodes

Question 65

cytokines in immature b cell

Answer 65

CD21, CD40 Class II MHC

Question 66

antibodies in mature B cell

Answer 66

IgD and IgM

Question 67

activated B and T cell cytokine

Answer 67

IL-2 (CD25)

Question 68

plasma cell CD marker

Answer 68

CD78

Question 69

this can produce lymphokines

Answer 69

sensitized T cells

Question 70

CD markers for NK cells

Answer 70

(may 6 lahat) CD 16, CD 56

Question 71

kill intracellular parasites

Answer 71

Th1

Question 72

kill extracellular parasites

Answer 72

Th2

Question 73

induction of extracellular bacteria and fungi

Answer 73

Th17

Question 74

maintain self-tolerance by regulating immune response

Answer 74

Treg

Question 75

Activate apoptotic pathways on target cell

Answer 75

CD8