Leukocytes: The Granulocytic, Monocytic, and Lymphoid Series Flashcards
LESSON 8 (73 cards)
1
Q
Able to move into and out of blood vessels
A
Diapedesis
2
Q
Can respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues
A
Chemotaxis
3
Q
Has amoeboid motility, able to escape or move from tissue to circulating blood
A
Leukocytes
4
Q
- Lighter than RBC and tend to accumulate at the periphery of flowing blood
adjacent to the lining cell of the blood vessel.
A
Leukocytes
5
Q
Can be found in all body fluids such as ________, _______, ________, ___________, ________ from the genital tract.
A
sweat, synovia, pancreatic juices,
feces, urine, and secretions
6
Q
- Requires folic acid for normal maturation.
A
Leukocytes
7
Q
Types of Leukocytes
Can be divided into:
1.
2.
3.
A
- Granulocytic
- Monocytic
- Lymphoid
8
Q
Lymphocytes are composed of _____________ and ____________
A
glycogen and acid phosphatase
9
Q
Lymphocytes Contain _________, ________, ________, _______
A
alkaline phosphate, dipeptidase, oxidase and peroxidase
10
Q
- Process glucose by aerobic glycolysis producing lactic acid
A
Granulocytes
11
Q
- _________are more abundant than granulocytes
A
Lysosomes
12
Q
- Contains large amounts of RNA and DNA
A
Plasma cells
13
Q
- Responsible for manufacturing antibodies
A
Plasma cells
14
Q
- A few hours in the blood
A
- Lymphocytes
14
Q
- T lymphocytes 100-200 days
A
Lymphocytes
15
Q
- Unknown for they always wander back and forth between tissue and the blood
A
monocytes
16
Q
- Several days when not needed in the tissue (peripheral blood)
A
Granulocyte
17
Q
Granulocyte
________ hours during serious tissue infection
_________ hours on average when the tissues circulate
A
2-3 hours
14 hours
18
Q
- Movement of WBC where it can squeeze through tissues
A
Diapedesis
19
Q
- Unidirectional movement of the tissues
A
- Amoeboid Motion
20
Q
- Ability of the EBC to move towards or away from the source of chemical substances
A
Chemotaxis
21
Q
WBCs are attracted toward the source
A
POSITIVE CHEMOTAXIS
22
Q
WBCs are repelled from the source of the chemicals
A
NEGATIVE CHEMOTAXIS
23
Q
- Ingestion of particular matter by cells
A
- Phagocytosis
24
Steps: “ICED”
1. Initiation
2. Chemotaxis
3. Engulfment
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neutrophil with bacteria inside
Phagosome
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phagosome + lysosomal granules
Phagolysosome
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– inability to respond to chemotactic factor
-- faulty granules + impaired killing.
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS)
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* Appears during the promyelocytic stage
1. Primary Granules
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Membrane-bound lysosomes which contain acid hydrolase that digest phagocytized
intracellular
* 1. Primary Granules
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Oxygen through the action of NAPH/ oxidase will form into superoxidase which become hydrogen peroxide which combines with myeloperoxidase kill cause
bacteria killing.
Metabolic Respiratory Bust
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* Appear during an early myelocytic stage.
* 2. Secondary Granules
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Iron-binding glycoprotein that competes with bacteria for iron-inhibiting growth.
LACTOFERRIN:
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* Promotes adherence of neutrophils to endothelial cells.
LACTOFERRIN:
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* Less dense than secondary granules
* Appears during the late myelocytic stage
* 3. Tertiary Granules
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* Used to measure cytoplasmic granularity.
* Right Angle Scatter in a Laser Based Cell Counting System:
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* Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
* Secretes lysozyme and pyrogen (fever)
1. NEUTROPHILS
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* Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
* Anti-inflammatory cells- secretes histamines, prevents basophil/ mast
cell degranulation
* Defense against helminthic parasites
* Secretes plasminogen
2. EOSINOPHILS
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* Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
* Immediate hypersensitivity reaction (have receptors for IgE)
* Delayed hypersensitivity reactions
* Synthesis of histamine, anaphylaxis, and platelet aggregation factor
3. BASOPHILS
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* Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
* Secretes transferrin, interferon, lysozyme, and pyrogen
* Acts as feeder cells, supplying iron to young RBC during erythropoiesis
* Integral in cellular and humoral immunity
* Removes senescent cells
* Antigen presentation
MONOCYTES
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cells mediated immunity, delayed hypersensitivity, graft rejection, GVH disease, and defense against neoplasm
T CELLS
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: humoral immunity, produces antibodies after
transforming into a plasma cell
B CELLS
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* Antibody formation and secretion
* Part of the antigen-antibody quartet (lymphocytes, eosinophils, Plasma,
monocytes)
6. PLASMA CELLS
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The maturational development from myeloblast through the myelocyte stage
and mitotic division occurs in a ________________
proliferative compartment.
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* First identifiable cell in the granulocytic series
* constitute approximately 1% of the total nucleated bone marrow cells
* Lasts approximately 15 hours
MYELOBLAST
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Earliest recognizable precursor under 4 granulocytes.
MYELOBLAST
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* Constitutes approximately 3% of the nucleated bone marrow cells.
* Lasts about 24 hours
PROMYELOCYTE
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Appearance of primary or non specific granules
Normally slightly larger than its precursor
PROMYELOCYTE
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* Myelocyte to metamyelocyte lasts an average of 4.3 Days
MYELOCYTE
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* Approximately 12% of the proliferative cells existing in this stage
MYELOCYTE
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The SEGMENTED NEUTROPHILS in the MATURATION STORAGE COMPARTMENT are referred to as
_________________
Marrow serve
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The peripheral blood circulation is subsequently divided into two pools of
equal size
1.
2.
* CIRCULATING POOL
* MARGINAL POOL
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* EOSINOPHILS
Main function:
Secondary:
Kill parasites
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
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- Hereditary hypo-segmentation
- Benign anomaly of neutrophils where the nucleus fails to segment properly thus the cell
presents with a bilobed nuclei.
1. “PELGER-HUET ANOMALY”
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pelger huet anomaly
Associated Conditions:
Associated Conditions:
Myelofibrosis
Pelger-Huet anomaly (autosomal dominant)
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hereditary hyper-segmentation, (more than 5 lobes)
- Abnormality in the maturation of the neutrophils (DNA synthesis) that leads to the
presence of 6 or more lobed nuclei.
2. UNDRITZ ANOMALY –
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- Composed of mRNA
- Gray-blue spindle-shaped inclusions in
phagocytes
1. MAY-HEGGLIN ANOMALY
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- Abnormally large azurophilic granules
resembling severe toxic granules
2. ALDER-REILLY ANOMALY
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- Large, abnormal cytoplasmic granules in
phagocytes
- Defective chemotaxis
3. CHEDIAK-HIGASHI CELL
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- Largest cell in the PBS
* MONOCYTES
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w/ increased monocytosis:
M. tuberculosis
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w/o increased monocytosis
Listeria monocytogenes
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* most abundant cell in the body
* Seen anywhere in the body
MACROPHAGE
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Liver: _____________
Kuppfer cells
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Brain:_______________
Microglial cells
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Lungs: _______________
Alveolar macrophage- aka dust cell
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Skin: __________________
Langerhans cells
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Bone: __________________
Osteoclast
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Kidneys: _____________________
Messangial
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Spleen: ___________________
Littoral cell
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Connective tissue: ___________________
Histioytes
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Placenta: __________________
Hoff baeur cells
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